伴海马硬化的颞叶癫痫药物治疗的预后因素分析

目的回顾性研究药物治疗伴海马硬化的颞叶癫痫(TLE-HS)的有效性,分析预测药物治疗效果的相关预后因素,以早期识别药物难治性癫痫,筛查手术候选者。方法 190例颞叶癫痫患者MRI证实伴海马硬化,药物治疗至少随访2年或以实施手术为观察终点。根据观察终点是否发作分为有效组和耐药组。采用χ2检验和t检验对两组在年龄、性别、癫痫家族史、早期突发损伤因素(包括热性惊厥、颅内感染、脑创伤、围生期损伤)、起病年龄、病程、癫痫持续状态、认知功能障碍、精神异常、发作类型、发作频率、是否存在先兆,发作间期脑电图异常放电的单双侧性、MRI海马硬化出现的侧别、药物方案(单药、联合)等方面进行比较。并进一步将有统计学意义的参数,采用二分类Logistic回归分析方法进行药物治疗预后因素的相关分析。结果 190例TLE-HS,有效组54例,耐药组136例,其中手术51例。进行两组的一般人口学资料(年龄、性别、起病年龄、病程)统计学处理,P值分别为0.35,0.29,0.44,0.00。病程差异有统计学意义。两组间在早期促发因素(出生史、热性惊厥史、脑炎史、脑创伤史)方面比较差异有统计学意义(P值分别为0.99,0.17,0.38,0.90)。两组在其他相关病史(癫痫持续状态、家族史、认知障碍、精神障碍)方面比较(P值分别为0.34,0.93,0.72,0.70)差异无统计学意义。在癫痫发作频率和发作先兆方面两组间差异无统计学意义(P=0.01,0.04),而发作类型和间期脑电图痫样放电特点方面两组间差异无统计学意义(P=0.34,0.88)。两组在MRI海马硬化出现在左右侧或双侧的情况比较(P=0.43)差异无统计学意义。有效组39例为单药治疗,15例为联合治疗。耐药组单药治疗者46例,联合治疗者90例。两组间的药物治疗方案差异有统计学意义(P=0.00)。病程和药物治疗方案与药物治疗预后间差异有统计学意义(P=0.01,0.00),但病程与预后之间无关联(OR=1.09),药物治疗方案是药物治疗预后不良的危险因素(OR=4.92)。结论 28.4%的TLE-HS药物治疗2年以上无发作。病程长,发作每月多于4次,存在先兆,多药联合治疗的患者可能更容易耐药。其中多药联合治疗是预测TLE-HS药物治疗效果不佳的独立危险因素。

Prognosis of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy due to hippocamal sclerosis when treated only with medication

Objective In order to choose right candidates for surgery at right time,this study was carried out retrospectively to determine the clinical risk factors affecting prognosis in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis （TLE-HS） treated medically.Methods We enrolled 190 patients with TLE-HS treated medically.Gender,age,age at onset of epilepsy,duration,history of febrile seizure,infection,trauma,perinatal injury,status epilepticus,cognition impairment,mental disturbance,consanguinity,seizure type,aura,seizure frequency,antiepileptic drugs,side of hippocamal sclerosis and interictal EEG abnormality were noted.All pateints were divided into two groups.Group 1：pateints seizure-free during follow up,Group 2：pateints with seizure uncontrolled.Each clinical features was compared between two groups and further logistic regression was analysed.Results Duration of epilepsy（P =0.00）,aura（P =0.04）,seizure frequency（P =0.01） and antiepileptic drug strategy（P=0.00） were statistically different between group 1 and group 2.Poly antiepileptic drug therapy was independent risk factor for poor prognosis.Howere,the other parameters did not affect prognosis.Conclusion 28.4％ pateints with TLE-HS were seizure-free for two years treated medically.The presence of longer duration of epilepsy,aura,higher seizure frequency and poly antiepileptic drug therapy may help physicians to identify risk groups with TLE-HS and drug resistance for epilepsy surery.