10665名儿童先天性心脏病发病状况监测结果和环境危险因素分析

目的:了解北京市儿童先天性心脏病(简称先心病)的发病情况、分布规律及探索可能的发病因素。方法:利用望诊、心脏听诊与超声检查结合的方法,对北京市122个社区点的儿童进行监测,并对已确诊病例采用病例对照研究方法进行单因素和多因素分析。结果:北京市儿童先天性心脏病发病率为5.91‰,城区发病率明显高于远县(P<0.01)。先心病发生可能的危险因素依次为:儿童母亲妊娠早期居住在装修1年内的居室;妊娠早期居室距马路距离<50 m;父亲饮酒。结论:①先心病是影响北京市儿童生存和健康的主要公共卫生问题。②为了预防先心病的发生,应加强孕期健康教育,减少妊娠期妇女环境污染因素的暴露;同时加强孕期保健,提高产前诊断水平。减少出生缺陷,提高人口素质。

Results of surveillance on CHD in 10 665 children and analysis of its environmental risk factors

Objective:To ascertain the circumstances of the incidences,distribution formats and possible factors related to the incidences of congenital heart disease(CHD) of children in Beijing area.Methods:Observations,heart auscultations and echocardiography examinations were used in the surveillance on children from 122 communities in Beijing area,and the case-control study,single-factors analysis and multi-factor synthetic analysis were applied in the diagnosed cases of the disease.Results:The incidence rate of congenital heart disease in 10 665 children was 5.91‰.The rate was significantly higher in far urban areas than in rural areas(P<0.01).The possible factors were listed upon their risk as the following: Child's mother lived in a newly decorated(within one year) house/apartment,or the house/apartment located closely(within 50m) to a traffic road during her pregnancy,or father had alcohol history.Conclusion:1.CHD is a main public health problem effecting on child survival and health in Beijing.2.In order to prevent CHD,Enforcing health education for reducing exposure to polluted environment.As the same time,enforcing health education on pregnant women and raising prenatal diagnostic level in staff for reducing birth defect,improving population quality.