急诊科护士工作场所心理暴力问题调查研究

目的了解急诊科护士工作场所心理暴力的流行病学特征。方法根据世界卫生组织关于工作场所暴力的定义设计调查表，对广州市16所医院273名急诊科护士工作场所心理暴力发生情况进行调查。结果273名急诊科在职护士心理暴力发生率为87.91％，其中78.75％的受害者多次遭受暴力。辱骂与威胁是心理暴力的主要表现形式。心理暴力更容易在小医院发生。护士站是急诊科发生心理暴力的常见工作场所；60．42％的急诊心理暴力事件发生在晚／夜班。急诊科护士处理心理暴力的主要方式是耐心解释(64．58％)和忍让回避(45，42％)；27．50％的受害者未将暴力遭遇告诉别人。心理暴力的主要危险因素依次为病人(或其陪同者、探视者)的要求未能得到满足、肇事者酗酒或药物滥用、候诊时间过长等。病人亲属和病人本人是主要肇事者。结论心理暴力以极高发生率存在于急诊科护士人群。需针对医院特点开展工作场所暴力防范与应对措施教育，提高急诊科护士防范心理暴力能力。

Investigation on Workplace Psychological Violence of Nurses in the Accident and Emergency Departments

Objective To study the epidemiological features of workplace psychological violence of nurses in accident and emergency departments (A & E). Methods A retrospective study on nurse staff in A & E from 16 hospitals of Guangzhou was carried out,based on the WHO's last definition for workplace psychological violence. Results Among 273 staff nurses investigated, 87.91% had been subjected to workplace psychological violence in the last 12 months preceding the survey,and 78.75% of victims had been twice or more.Abuse and threats were the main ways of workplace psychological violence. Most of workplace psychological violence incidents happened in the nurse stations and 60.42% of them happened during the night shift.Explaination patiently was the chief means used by nurses to solve the problem of violence.27.50% of victims didn't think more attention should be paid to workplace psychological violence and didn't tell anybody else about their experiences of violence. The main risk factors contri buting to workplace psychological violence would include: unreasonable demand from patients or their relatives, alcohol or drug abuse,and long time to wait for treatment.Usually patients' relatives and patients themselves were the leading perpetrators. Conclusion Magnitude of workplace psychological violence to nurses in A & E asked for education intervention to improve the staff's ability to violence prevention and control.