Ethnic Differences in Pain Perception and Patient-Controlled Analgesia Usage for Postoperative Pain |
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| Authors: | Ene-choo Tan Yvonne Lim Yik-ying Teo Rachelle Goh Hai-yang Law Alex T. Sia |
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| Affiliation: | 2. Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington;3. Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Seattle Children''s Hospital, Seattle, Washington;4. Center for Child Health, Behavior and Development, Seattle Children''s Hospital, Seattle, Washington;5. University of Washington College of Arts and Sciences, Seattle, Washington;2. Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden;3. Norman Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California;4. Department of Surgery, Lichtenstein Amid Hernia Clinic at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Santa Monica, California;5. Department of Psychiatry, Behavioral Medicine Division, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland;6. Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden |
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| Abstract: | There are reports suggesting that sensitivity to and tolerance of both clinical and experimental pain differ among ethnic groups. We examined self-rated pain score and morphine usage in 1034 women who underwent elective lower cesarian section (LSCS) for their deliveries. Data on pain scores and amount of total morphine use according to patient-controlled analgesia were collected every 4 hours. Overall, lowest pain scores were recorded 12 hours after surgery and highest at 24 hours. Morphine consumption was highest within the first 4 hours and lowest between 12 and 16 hours. There were statistically significant ethnic group differences in pain scores (P = 1.7 × 10−7) and morphine usage (P = 2.8 × 10−15) between ethnic groups, with Indians having the highest mean pain score and using the highest amount of morphine. The ethnic differences in pain score and morphine self-administration persisted after controlling for age, body mass index, and duration of operation.PerspectiveOur findings of highly significant ethnic group difference in self-reported pain level and the amount of analgesia self-administered may have implications on optimal management of acute postoperative pain. Inadequate management of pain after cesarian deliveries might affect the emotional well-being and physical recovery of patients and affect mother-child bonding. |
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| Keywords: | Ethnic difference caesarian section postoperative pain morphine patient-controlled analgesia |
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