人工关节外科新进展

人工髋膝关节置换经过40多年的发展，目前已经成为治疗严重髋膝关节病变的有效手术方法而广泛开展。现在骨水泥技术增加全髋假体的稳定性，全髋关节置换术后假体磨损仍是影响疗效的一个重要原因，随着材料配方和制作工艺的改进，新型金属-金属假体的磨损率较低，微创小切口技术开始用于全髋置换术。人工膝关节置换髋臼全髁假体设计改进上有活动载荷假体(如LCS假体)，高屈曲度假体(屈曲150^。)，单髁关节置换适用于下肢力线良好的单间室骨性关节炎或骨坏死的患者，计算机辅助手术技术的应用使手术更精确完善。

The recent advance in joint replacement

Total hip and knee replacements, which have developed for abou t forty years, have been widely used as effective surgical treatments for severe hip and knee diseases. This article discusses the recent advance in techniques of hip and knee replacement Chiefly in the aspects of hip or knee prosthesis des ign, improvement of materials and surgical techniques. In total hip replacement, second-generation cementing technique, new types of metal-on-metal prosthesi s and minimally invasive technique have been applied to enhance the stability, r educe the wear rate and facilitate the functional recovery. In knee replacement, mobile bearing and high flexion are great advancements made in design. The comp uter-aided operational technique has greatly improved the replacement.