全球健康领域政府对非政府组织的定位与合作——以世卫组织、美国和英国为例

非政府组织(NGO)在全球健康治理中发挥重要角色,已成为欧美发达国家和联合国系统全球健康战略的重要组成部分,联合国可持续发展目标也提出要强化NGO作为全球健康治理合作者的角色。本研究以全球健康战略比较成熟的世界卫生组织和美英两国为例,综述它们在全球健康战略中对NGO的定位和合作,为中国全球健康战略的制定以及与NGO的合作及定位提供参考建议。研究发现,世界卫生组织、美国和英国在其全球健康战略中均给予NGO明确定位,即加强相互合作,来扩大其在全球健康领域的影响力。因此,中国应将NGO纳入全球健康战略,建立NGO的管理和合作机制,使其成为全球健康的重要补充力量;严格筛选国际NGO进行合作,努力培育和支持本土NGO参与中国全球健康项目的实施;制定NGO合作清单和负面清单;同时加强监管和审核,规避NGO可能带来的风险。

Government orientation and cooperation with NGOs in global health sector: Example of WHO, US and UK

NGOs play an important role in global health governance, and have become the key partners of World Health Organization (WHO), European and American governments. The goal of the sustainable development of the United Nations also proposes to strengthen NGOs as global health governance partners. Taking WHO, the United States and Britain as case examples, this study reviewed the NGOs positioning and cooperation in their global health strategies. The results found that these entities explicitly define the roles of NGOs and strengthen cooperation in their global health strategies to expand their influence in the field of global health. Results also found that WHO, US and UK have given NGOs a clear positioning, that is, they have strengthened the mutual cooperation (partnerships) in the same way of expanding their influence in the field of global health for China''s global health strategy development referred to those NGOs. Therefore, China should incorporate NGOs into the global health strategy, establish NGOs management and cooperation mechanism and define their roles and make it an important complement to global health. China should also strictly select international NGOs to cooperate with and strive to nurture and support Chinese NGOs to participate in global health programs set by the Government, formulate the cooperation list and negative list for NGOs, and at the same time strengthen the supervision and audit to avoid possible risks of NGOs.