射频消融辅助上气道手术患者瑞芬太尼、异丙酚联合局部麻醉的效果

目的 评价射频消融辅助上气道手术(CAUP)患者瑞芬太尼、异丙酚联合局部麻醉的效果.方法 拟在局麻下行CAUP手术的中、重度阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者80例,年龄25～60岁,体重指数≤35 kg/m2,ASA Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,随机分为4组(n=20):生理盐水组(S组)、异丙酚组(P组)、瑞芬太尼组(R组)和异丙酚复合瑞芬太尼组(PR组).1%丁卡因咽部表面麻醉后,S组静脉输注生理盐水0.15 ml·kg-1·h-1,P组静脉输注异丙酚25μg·kg-1·min-1,R组静脉输注瑞芬太尼O.05μg·kg·min-1,PR组静脉输注异丙酚25μg·ks-1·min-1和瑞芬太尼0.05μg·kg-1·min-1.10 min后用含1:200 000肾上腺素的利多卡因行术野局部浸润麻醉.术中每5分钟采用Ramsay评分评价镇静程度;采用主诉疼痛分级(VRS)评价疼痛程度.S组VRS分级为Ⅲ级时为麻醉失败,其余3组VRS分级为Ⅲ级时,增加输注速率或静脉注射异丙酚10 mg或瑞芬太尼20μg;如出现Ramsay评分>3分或呼吸抑制(RR<8次/min或SpO2<95%),则为麻醉失败.于射频消融前和射频消融5 min时记录BP和HR.记录气道阻塞和呼吸暂停等不良反应的发生情况.结果 R组、PR组麻醉成功率(分别为90%、100%)高于s组和P组(分别为40%、65%)(P<0.05).与S组比较,射频消融5 min时P组SP、DP和HR差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),R组和PR组SP、DP和HR降低(P<0.05).4组不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>O.05).结论 瑞芬太尼和异丙酚复合瑞芬太尼联合局部麻醉可安全、有效地用于患者射频消融辅助上气道手术.

Efficacy of remifentanil and propofol combined with local anesthesia for coblation-assisted upper-airway procedures

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of remifentanil and propefol combined with local anesthesia for cobiation-assisted upper-airway procedure (CAUP). Methods Eighty ASAⅠorⅡpatients aged 25-60 yr body mass index ≤ 35 kg/m2 with sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome scheduled for CAUP were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=20 each): normal saline group (S), propefol group (P), remifentanil group (R) and propoful + remifentanil group (PR). After topical anesthesia with 1% decicaine, the patients in group S, P, R or PR received iv infusion of normal saline 0.15 ml·kg-1·h-1 , propofol 25 μg·kg-1·min-1 , remifentanil 0.05 μg·kg-1·min-1, or propefol + remifentanil at the same rate respectively. Ten minutes later local infiltration anesthesia was performed in operative field with lidocaine containing epinephrine 1:200 000. Ramsay sedation score and verbal rating scale (VRS) were assessed every 5 min. VRS Ⅲwas defined as anesthesia failure in group S. It was also defined as anesthesia failure that Ramsay sedation score > 3 or occurrence of respiratory depression during increment of propofol or remifentanil in patients with VRS Ⅲ in the other 3 groups. BP and HR were recorded before coblation and 5 rain after coblation. Airway obstruction and apnea were also observed. Results Anesthesia achievement ratio was significantly higher in group R and PR (90% and 100% respectively) than in group S and P (40% and 65% respectively) (P<0.05). SP, DP and HR were significantly lower 5 rain after coblation in group R and PR than in group S (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in incidence of adverse effects between the 4 groups(P>0.05). Conclusion Remifentanil or propofol-remifentanil combined with local anesthesia is safe and effective for CAUP.