股骨近端髓内钉治疗老年不稳定型转子间骨折的并发症分析

目的 探讨股骨近端髓内钉治疗老年不稳定型转子间骨折并发症的原因及解决方法. 方法 2001年12月-2007年5月,应用股骨近端髓内钉治疗172例不稳定型老年股骨转子间骨折患者,对术后出现的并发症进行分析,探讨其原因及相应的处理方法. 结果 149例患者获得随访,平均随访时间为18.5个月(6～42个月),优良率89.0%.26例患者于围手术期内出现全身性并发症,包括呼吸系统、心血管系统、中枢神经系统和泌尿系统等.21例出现局部并发症包括复位及固定不满意,术中股骨近端劈裂,股骨远端拉力螺钉头颈内切割伴松动退钉,拉力螺钉切出并突入关节腔和髋内翻等. 结论 股骨近端髓内钉适合于大多数老年不稳定型转子间骨折患者,术前充分评估生理机能及控制并存病是手术安全的前提.提高手术操作技巧能够最大限度地降低操作相关并发症.

Analysis on complications after treatment of unstable femoral intertrochanteric fractures with proximal femoral intramedullary nail in the elderly

Objective To analyze causes for complications after proximal femoral intramedullary nail treating unstable femoral intertrochanteric fractures in the elderly. Methods A total of 172 cases of unstable intertrochanteric fractures treated with proximal femoral intramedullary nail from December 2001 to May 2007 were reviewed upon postoperative complications to find out the causes for complications and discuss countermeasures. Results Of all, 149 cases were followed up for 6-42 months(mean 18. 5 months), which showed excellence rate of 89. 0% in aspect of functional recovery of the hip. Postoper-ative systemic complications occurred in 26 cases and local complications in 21. Condusions Proxi-real femoral intramedullary nail can be used in most elderly patients with unstable intertrochanteric frac-tures. A thorough evaluation of physiological function, treatment of preoperative comorbidities and aug-mentation of surgical technique are prerequisites for operation safety and decrease of complications.