无创产前检测的临床应用及随访研究

目的：采用大规模平行测序检测胎儿染色体疾病，通过全面随访，为无创产前检测（NIPT ）的临床应用提供有效的数据支持及遗传咨询方案。方法唐氏筛查高风险的孕妇接受 NIPT ，结果提示高危者进行核型确诊，低危者进行生育前后随访。结果（1）NIPT提示胎儿异常25例，异常率为1．49％，核型确诊异常12例，均已引产，NIPT 对 T21、T18、XO、XXY、XYY的准确性依次为99．93％、100．00％、99．66％、100．00％、100．00％；在高龄妊娠和双胎妊娠中对 T 21／T 18的准确性达100．00％；产前阳性干预率达100．00％。（2）NIPT提示低风险1651例，完成随访1468例，成功率为88．91％，发现1例9号染色体倒位（母源性）。（3）B超检测染色体异常准确率达98．17％，检出率仅7．69％；唐氏筛查高风险人群的准确率仅为0．88％，假阳性率高达99．12％；NIPT避免了98．71％的孕妇进行介入性产前诊断。结论 NIPT作为现有产前检测技术的重要补充，为寻找最合适的产前筛查模式提供参考。在医疗机构建立健全NIPT随访和服务系统对降低出生缺陷疾病尤为重要。

The clinical application and follow-up study of f non-invasive prenatal testing

Objective To provide valid data and useful genetic counseling in the clinical application of non‐invasive prenatal test (NIPT) ,fetal chromosomal disorder were screened by massive parallel sequencing and made a follow‐up study .Methods Preg‐nant women with Down screening in high‐risk were screened by NIPT ;NIPT verified high‐risk individuals were suggested for kary‐otyping ;and we follow up on whoever showed low risk by NIPT before and after their deliveries .Results (1)Totally 1 676 cases of pregnant women were tested by NIPT ,25 cases prompted to be abnormal ,with an abnormal rate of 1 .49% ,karyotype analysis re‐sults in 12 cases of abnormalit ,the accuracies of NIPT for T21 ,T18 ,XO ,XXY ,and XYY were 99 .93% ,100 .00% ,99 .66% , 100 .00% ,100 .00% respectively ;the accuracy of NIPT for women with advanced paternal age and twins were both 100 .00% ;kary‐otyping positive individuals underwent abortion ,which gives a prenatal intervention rate of 100 .00% .(2)Out of 1 651 cases of NIPT low risk testers ,1 468 cases were successfully followed up ,with a 88 .91% success rate .We found chromosome abnormality with one case of inversion of chromosome 9 (maternal) .(3)Ultrasound‐detection possessed 98 .17% accuracy and 7 .69% in detec‐tion rate;in high‐risk pregnant woman ,Down screening had an accuracy of 0 .88% and false positive rate of 99 .12% ;98 .71%women were avoided prenatal diagnosis via NIPT .Conclusion Compare to ultrasound and maternal plasma screening ,NIPT is a far more accurate prenatal screening approach .To build effective follow‐up and service systems of NIPT is necessary to reduce birth de‐fects in medical institutions .