多媒体教材在永久性膀胱造瘘患者健康教育中的应用

目的：探讨多媒体教材在永久性膀胱造瘘患者及家属健康教育中的应用，寻找一种能让永久性膀胱造瘘患者及家属在较短时间内掌握造瘘护理技术、造瘘管更换技术和相关知识的健康教育方式。方法本研究以2009年1月-2012年12月在某院行膀胱造瘘术的60例患者为研究对象，用自制的健康需求调查表进行调查，将60例膀胱造瘘患者按照随机数字表法分为试验组和对照组，每组30例。试验组以多媒体方式进行理论教育后再进行一对一的指导，对照组采用传统的健康干预方式，即每次均来医院由医护人员边更换造瘘管边讲解造瘘相关护理知识的教育方式。比较两种方式的效果及并发症的发生率。结果试验组患者家属膀胱造瘘相关知识、造瘘口护理技术、造瘘管更换技术掌握率分别为100．00％，96．67％，90．00％，均优于对照组的36．67％，26．67％，10．00％，差异有统计学意义（χ2值分别为27．805，31．093，38．400；P＜0．05）；试验组患者出院后再次来院次数为（6．3±1．4）次，明显少于对照组的（36．2±6．6）次，差异有统计学意义（t＝22．224，P＜0．05）。两组患者的并发症发生率差异无统计学意义（ P＞0．05）。结论应用多媒体教材进行健康教育是一种能使患者及家属更快地适应膀胱造瘘，在较短的时间内掌握膀胱造瘘护理技术、造瘘管更换技术和相关知识的好方法，未增加并发症，值得推广。

Application of multimedia textbook in the health education of permanent bladder colostomy patients

Objective To explore the application of multimedia textbook in the health education of permanent bladder colostomy patients in order to find a way of health education of grasping colostomy nursing technology , fistula replacement technology and related knowledge in the short time in permanent bladder colostomy patients and their families .Methods Sixty bladder colostomy patients from January 2009 to December 2012 were chosen and divided into the experimental group and the control group according to the random number table, each with 30 cases.The all patients were surveyed by the self -designed questionnaire about health needs.The experimental group received the theoretical education with multimedia and subsequently one to one instruction, and the control group received the routine health education namely the related nursing knowledge was explained when the nurses carried out fistula replacement every time .The clinical efficacy and the incidence of complications were compared between two groups .Results The mastering rate of bladder colostomy related knowledge , colostomy nursing technology , fistula replacement technology were respectively 100 .00%, 96.67%, 90.00%in the experimental group , and were better than 36.67%, 26.67%, 10.00%in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant （χ2 =27.805, 31.093, 38.400, respectively;P 〈0.05）.The times of hospital admission again after hospital discharge was （6.3 ±1.4） in the experimental group, and was significantly less than （36.2 ±6.6） in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant （t=22.224,P〈0.05）.No difference was found in the incidence of complications between two groups （P〉0.05）.Conclusions Application of multimedia textbook in the health education can make the permanent bladder colostomy patients and their families adapt more quickly bladder colostomy and master colostomy nursing technology , fistula replacement technology and related knowledge in the short time , and does not increase complications , and is worthy of clinical promotion .