不同间隔时间静态空气垫对卧床患者皮肤减压效果的比较

目的：探讨静态空气床垫不同间隔时间对卧床患者压疮防治效果的影响。方法采用便利抽样及自身对照的方法，选择骨科患者100例，患者均取平卧位，采用全电脑压力传感器（ Xsensor测压毯）平铺于患者身下，卧普通床垫2 h后及平卧静态空气垫2，3，4 h后，对其两侧足跟部、骶尾部的平均压强峰值进行测量比较，并监测每例患者卧床期间的皮肤完整性和压疮发生情况。结果卧普通床垫2h后发生Ⅰ期压疮3例，发生部位为左足跟1例、骶尾部2例，压疮发生率为3％；卧静态空气床垫2，3，4 h后患者未见压疮发生，皮肤完整率为100％；平卧普通床垫2 h与平卧静态空气床垫2 h后患者左足跟部平均压强峰值分别为（185．03±11．34），（69．13±9．64）mmHg；右足跟部平均压强峰值分别为（176．03±18．64），（76．40±11．52）mmHg；骶尾部平均压强峰值分别为（253．03±28．64），（100．23±18．36）mmHg，两组比较，差异有统计学意义（t值分别为7．126，6．287，4．235；P＜0．05）。平卧静态空气床垫2，3，4 h，足跟部、骶尾部受压皮肤平均压强峰值的变化比较，差异无统计学意义（F值分别为5．863，3．128，4．852；P＞0．05）。结论静态空气床垫能有效降低卧床患者受压部位的表面垂直压力，翻身间隔时间可延长至4 h1次，这样既减轻频繁翻身给患者带来的痛苦，同时也减轻了护理人员的劳动强度。

Comparison of the decompression effect of static air cushion at different intervals on skin in bedridden patient

Objective To explore the effect of static air cushion at different intervals on preventing from pressure ulcers in bedridden patient .Methods One hundred patients in the department of orthopedic were chosen through the convenience sampling and self-controlled.The patients were supine , and the computer pressure sensor （ Xsensor manometry carpet ） was tiled under the body of patients .The average pressure peaks in the two lateral heel and sacrococcygeal were respectively measured after 2 h of lying ordinary mattress and 2, 3, 4 h of lying static air cushion , and the integrity of skin and the incidence of pressure ulcer were monitored during patients’ stay in bed.Results After 2 h of lying ordinary mattress , the cases of I stage pressure ulcer were 3 cases including 1 case of left heel and 2 cases of sacrococcygeal , and the incidence rate of pressure ulcer was 3%.After 2, 3, 4 h of lying static air cushion, the incidence of pressure ulcer in patients was not found , and the integrity rate of skin was 100%.After 2 h of lying ordinary mattress and static air cushion , the average pressure peaks were respectively （185.03 ±11.34）, （69.13 ±9.64） mmHg in the left heel, and were （176.03 ±18.64）, （76.40 ±11.52） mmHg in the right heel, and were （253.03 ±28.64）, （100.23 ± 18.36）mmHg in the sacrococcygeal, and the differences were statistically significant （t =7.126,6.287, 4.235, respectively;P〈0.05）.No differences were found in the change of average pressure peaks in the two lateral heel and sacrococcygeal after 2, 3, 4 h of lying static air cushion （ F =5.863, 3.128, 4.852, respectively;P〉0.05）.Conclusions Static air mattress can effectively reduce vertical pressure on the surface of pressed parts in the bedridden patients , and the interval time of turning over can be prolonged to 4 h every time, and which can reduce the patients ’ pain caused by frequently turning over but also reduce the nurses ’ labor intensity .