中国西南地区中高层管理人员职业紧张及影响因素分析

目的探索中高层管理人员职业紧张及其影响因素。方法采用职业紧张量表(OSIR),对事业(包括教育、卫生、科研、其它)单位部门、科室负责人,企业董事、经理、主管等中高层管理人员(研究组)263例,另外,随机抽取工厂、机关、服务和商业等行业的职工(对照组)319例,共计582例进行研究。结果中高层管理人员的职业任务、紧张反应总均分及各子项(除工作环境子项外)得分均显著高于对照组(P<0.01),但仅社会支持子项得分显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。紧张反应与职业任务呈明显正相关(r=0.337,P<0.01),与应对资源呈明显负相关(r=-0.311,P<0.01)。个体紧张反应、心理紧张反应的主要影响因素:责任感、个体应对资源、任务冲突、工作环境;业务紧张反应的主要影响因素:任务冲突、责任感、理性处事;人际关系紧张反应的主要影响因素:任务模糊、任务冲突、个体应对资源;躯体紧张反应的主要影响因素:个体应对资源、责任感、任务冲突、学历。结论将职业紧张的模式结合中高层管理人员职业紧张常模及应用表、图,针对中高层管理人员的主要紧张源,紧张反应及其影响因素,采取有针对性的干预(组织、个体)措施,以降低中高层管理人员的职业紧张程度,保护和促进工作能力是职业卫生领域面临的重要任务之一。

Appraisal of occupational stress and its influential factors in executive group

ObjectiveTo assess occupational stress and its influential factors in executive group.Methods A test of occupational stress, its influential factors, was carried out with revised occupational stress inventory (OSI-R) for 263 executive group and 319 controls.Results (1) Among the 6 items of occupational role questionnaire, the scores of role overload, role insufficiency, role boundary, role ambiguity, responsibility are obviously higher in the executive group (P<0.01). The scores of vocational strain, psychological strain,interpersonal strain and physical strain in the executive group are significantly higher (P<0.01). The results of personal resources indicate that social support scores in executive group are superior (P<0.05). (2) Occupational role and personal strain were positively correlated (r= 0.337,P<0.01), both of which correlated negatively to the personal resources (r=-0.311,P<0.01). (4) The major influential factors of personal strain and psychological strain were: responsibility, personal resources, role boundary and working environment. The major influential factors of interpersonal strain were role ambiguity, role boundary and personal resources. The major influential factors of physical strain were personal resources, responsibility, role boundary and education.Conclusion Different measure should be taken to reduce the occupational stress so as to improve the work ability of executive group.