Lifetime menstrual activity — Indicator of breast cancer risk |
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Authors: | M. Rautalahti D. Albanes J. Virtamo J. Palmgren J. Haukka O. P. Heinonen |
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Affiliation: | (1) National Public Health Institute, Kalliolinnantie 4, SF-00140 Helsinki, Finland;(2) National Cancer Institute, USA |
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Abstract: | A case-control study of 67 cases of breast cancer and 157 controls was conducted to investigate the role of different behavioral, reproductive, and hormonal factors and to develop a unifying indicator of breast cancer risk. The results confirm previous reports of the influence of smoking on the risk of breast cancer. Age at menarche was found to be a risk factor among the premenopausa women. Late age at menopause was suggestive of an increase in risk. Long use of oral contraceptive or estrogen supplementation were risk-enhancing both pre- and postmenopausally. Lifetime duration of menstrual activity (LMA) combines age at menarche and menopause, parity, and lactation into a biologically plausible model. Our findings concerning LMA support its role as a determinant of breast cancer. |
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Keywords: | Breast cancer Risk Menstrual |
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