膳食钙、磷以及奶制品对绝经后妇女骨密度的影响

目的探讨膳食中钙、磷以及奶制品的摄入量对骨密度及骨盐含量的影响,为研究骨质疏松的预防提供相关线索和依据。方法在广州市越秀区农林街社区发放传单招募调查对象,并采用自编的结构化标准问卷,对320名广州绝经后妇女的膳食习惯进行调查,并测量其全身、股骨全身、股骨颈、股骨干、大粗隆、Ward’s三角以及腰锥1～4的骨密度和骨量,采用多因素逐步回归分析探讨膳食钙、磷及奶制品对骨盐含量及骨密度的影响。结果 320名调查对象平均57.1岁,平均绝经年限7.3年,平均每天摄入钙、磷及奶制品分别为822 mg、949 mg和126 g,平均全身骨密度为1.054 g/cm2,磷与7个部位的骨密度及骨盐含量呈正相关关系（P〈0.05）。随着磷摄入量增加,全身及腰锥1～4骨密度增加,偏回归系数值分别为0.121和0.184 g.（cm2）-1.g-1.d-1。随着奶制品摄入量增加,股骨全身、股骨干骨密度也相应增加,骨密度偏回归系数值分别为0.686、0.841mg.（cm2）-1.g-1.d-1。钙与全身、股骨全身、股骨颈、大粗隆、股骨干和Ward’s三角的BMC具有正相关性,而在钙与BMD关系中,钙只与股骨全身、大粗隆和股骨干呈正相关性,且每日膳食中每增加100 g钙的摄入量,则股骨全身、大粗隆、股骨干的骨密度相应增加5.3、4.8和7.6 g/cm2。结论增加膳食中钙、磷以及奶制品的摄入量有利于绝经后妇女的骨盐含量及骨密度的提高。

Effects of dietary calcium, phosphorus and dairy products on bone mineral density in postmenopa- usa] women

Objective To explore the association of dietary calcium, phosphorus and dairy products with bone mineral density （BMD） and bone mineral content （BMC） in postmenopausal vomen, and provide clues to the prevention of osteoporosis. Methods 320 postmenopausal women from community residents in Guangzhou, China were recruited for dietary habits survey using structured standard questionnaire. BMD and BMC were determined by a dual energy X - ray absorptiometry at the whole body, total femur, femur neck, femoral shaft, trochanter, Ward＇s triangle and lumbar spine （L1 -IA）. A multiple line- ar regression model was used by stepwise methods. Results The average age of 320 postmenopausal women was 57.1 years, and the mean menopause was 7.3 years. Their mean dietary calcium intake was 822 mg/day, the mean dietary phosphorus intake was 949 mg/day, the mean dietary dairy products intake was 126 g/day, and the mean whole body BMD was 1. 054 g/cm2. The phosphorus intake was positively correlated with BMD and BMC at above seven sites. BMDs at the whole body and the lumbar spine （L1 - IA） were significantly affected by dairy phosphorus （β： 0. 121 and 0. 184 g·（cm2） -1 . g-1 . d-1, respectively）. BMDs at the total hip and femoral shaft were significantly affected by dairy products （β： 0. 686 and 0.841 mg·（cm2） -1 . g-1 . d-1, respectively）. BMDs at total femur, trochanter, and femoral shaft will increase 5.3, 4.8 and 7.6 g/cm2 by increasing 100 mg/d dietary calcium. Conclusion Increasing dietary calcium, phosphorus and dairy products might improve BMD and BMC in postmenopausal women.