2005-2011年广东省恶性疟病例流行病学分析

目的分析2005-2011年广东省恶性疟流行特征，评价防治效果。方法所采用的资料来自中国疾病预防控制中心疾病监测信息报告管理系统，对2005-2011年广东省网络报告的恶性疟病例及其流行病学调查资料进行分析。结果广东省2005-2011年期间共报告恶性疟115例，死亡5例。所有报告恶性疟患者均有在恶性疟流行区的居留史，其中，在东南亚和非洲等地区有居留史的恶性疟病例有101例，占87．83％。全省12个地级市中的32个市、县（区）有报告恶性疟病例，广州和深圳的输入性恶性疟病例占全省病例数的73．04％（84／115），呈全年分布。男女性别比为8．6：1，年龄分布主要集中在20—49岁，占病例总数的83．48％（96／115），患者年龄最小1岁，最大65岁。恶性疟发病以工人、干部和商业服务人员为主，占总数的59．13％（68／115）。恶性疟诊断以实验室诊断为主，实验室诊断比例占94．78％（109／115）。恶性疟报告病例的62．61％（72／115）来自传染病医院，其次为综合医院，占病例总数的31．30％（36／115）。病例的发病至诊断时间中位数平均为72h，在24h内完成诊断和治疗的恶性疟病例仅14例，占病例总数的12．17％（14／115）。结论广东省恶性疟病例全部是输入性病例，输入疫情主要发生在经济发达的珠江三角洲。因此，必须加强培训和卫生宣传教育，提高医疗机构对恶性疟的诊断和治疗能力，杜绝死亡病例的发生。

Epidemiological analysis of Plasmodium falciparum cases in Guangdong Province, 2005--2011

Objective To analysis the epidemiological characteristics of Plasmodium falciparum cases reported from 2005 to 2011 in Guangdong Province and to evaluate the surveillance effect and control measures. Methods Using data derived from the Disease Reporting Information System of China Center for Disease Control and Prevention. The reported cases and epidemiological data of Plasmodium falciparum from 2005 to 2011 in Guangdong Province were analyzed statistically and described. Results A total of 115 Plasmodium falciparum cases were reported from 2005 to 2011 in Guangdong Province. There were 5 death cases. The geographical distribution of cases was in 32 counties （districts） of 12 prefectural cities in Guangdong Province. 84 imported cases reported by Guangzhou and Shenzhen cities accounted for 73.04% （84/115）. The cases were reported every month from 2005 to 2011. The ratio of male to female was 8.6： 1. The ages of patients ranged from 1 to 65 years old, and most of them were between 20 to 49 years. Workers, cadres and commercial service were the main group affected by Plasmodiumfalciparum. The per- centages of laboratory diagnosis for Plasmodium falciparum cases were 94.78% （ 109/115 ）. 62.61% （72/115） of Plasmodium falciparum cases were reported by infectious disease hospitals, and 31.30% （ 36/115 ） were reported by general hospitals. The onset-diagnosis duration for Plasmodium falciparum was 72h. Conclusion From 2005 to 2011, all Plasrnodiumfalciparum cases in Guandong Province were imported, and mainly distributed in the Pearl River Delta region. Strengthening of publicity and training should be carried out for prevention, control and management of imported Plasmodium falciparum. The ability of laboratory diagnosis for Plasmodium falciparum should be strengthened in medical institutions at the grassroots level to avoid the death cases of malaria.