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Mutagenicity of urinary metabolites of benzidine and benzidine-based azo dyes
Authors:Ken-ichi Tanaka  Toshiko Mii  Shogo Marui  Ikuo Matsubara  Hiroyuki Igaki
Affiliation:(1) Toray Shiga Hospital, 2-7-35 Sonoyama, 520 Otsu, Japan;(2) Toray Research Center, 1,111 Tebiro, 248 Kamakura, Japan
Abstract:Summary The mutagenicity of urinary metabolites of benzidine and benzidine-based azo dyes was studied by using urine samples. The azo dyes studied were Direct Deep Black EX and Congo Red, both containing a 4,4′-diazobiphenyl group. After benzidine and the azo dyes had been administered orally to rats, urine was collected and extracted with ether. Mutagenicity of the urine extracts was tested in the Salmonella/mammalian-microsome assay. The results of the mutagenicity assay and the GC analysis of the urine extracts suggested that the azo dyes might decompose and release benzidine in the intestine of the rats. It was found that the urinary metabolites of benzidine, both N-acetylbenzidine, and N,N′-diacetylbenzidine, show stronger mutagenicity than benzidine itself. It was also found that the urine extracts from four men who had undergone “gastroscopy with Congo Red” were mutagenic.
Keywords:Benzidine  Azo dyes  Urine  Metabolites  Mutagenicity
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