Afferent fiber connections from lower brain stem to hypothalamus studied by the horseradish peroxidase method with special reference to noradrenaline innervation |
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| Authors: | T Sakumoto M Tohyama K Satoh Y Kimoto T Kinugasa O Tanizawa K Kurachi N Shimizu |
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| Institution: | (1) Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Higher Nervous Activity, Osaka Medical School, 33 Joan-cho, Kitaku, Osaka, Japan;(2) Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Medical School, Osaka Medical School, 33, Joan-cho, Kitaku, Osaka, Japan |
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| Abstract: | Summary Attempts were made to determine the afferent projections to the anterior hypothalamus including the preoptic area from the lower brain stem by means of the horseradish peroxidase method combined with monoamine oxidase staining to identify noradrenaline (NA) neurons. In addition to this technique, a histofluorescence analysis was performed. NA fibers in the medial part of the anterior hypothalamus were mainly supplied by A1 and A2 NA neuron groups, while the lateral part and periventricular zone received NA terminals from both pontine and medulla oblongata NA neuron groups. Furthermore, the present study indicated that there were direct projections to the anterior hypothalamus from non-noradrenergic neurons in the lower brain stem: nuclei raphe dorsalis, centralis superior, cells in the mesencephalic and pontine central gray matter, nuclei parabrachialis lateralis and medialis, cells around fasciculus longitudinalis medialis.Abbreviations CA
Commissura anterior
- CO
Chiasma opticum
- DP
Decussatio pyramidum
- DPCS
Decussatio pedunculorum cerebellarium superiorum
- F
Columna fornicis
- FLM
Fasciculus longitudinalis medialis
- FMT
Fasciculus mamillothalamicus
- GCM
Griseum centrale mesencephali
- GCP
Griseum centrale pontis
- LL
Lemniscus lateralis
- LM
Lemniscus medialis
- PCM
Pedunculus cerebellaris medius
- PCS
Pedunculus cerebellaris superior
- TO
Tractus opticus
- TS
Tractus solitarius
- TVme
Tractus mesencephalicus nervi trigemini
- V
Ventriculus tertius
- VTS
Tractus spinalis nervi trigemini
- am
nucleus ambiguus
- B
Barrington nucleus
- com
nucleus commissuralis
- cp
nucleus caudatus putamen
- cs
nucleus centralis superior
- ct
nucleus corporis trapezoidei
- cu
nucleus cuneatus
- dX
nucleus dorsalis nervi vagi
- Gd
nucleus tegmentalis dorsalis (von Gudden)
- gr
nucleus gracilis
- Gv
nucleus tegmentalis ventralis (von Gudden)
- ha
nucleus hypothalamicus anterior
- hl
nucleus hypothalamicus lateralis
- hpe
nucleus periventricularis (hypothalami)
- hvm
nucleus ventromedialis hypothalami
- lc
nucleus locus coeruleus
- oi
nucleus olivaris inferior
- p
nucleus pontis
- pa
nucleus paraventricularis
- pbl
nucleus parabrachialis lateralis
- pbm
nucleus parabrachialis medialis
- ph
nucleus praepositus hypoglossi
- pol
nucleus preopticus lateralis
- pom
nucleus preopticus medialis
- pop
nucleus preopticus periventricularis
- rd
nucleus raphe dorsalis
- re
nucleus reuniens
- rl
nucleus reticularis lateralis
- rm
nucleus raphe magnus
- ro
nucleus raphe obscrus
- sc
nucleus suprachiasmaticus
- so
nucleus supraopticus
- st
nucleus interstitialis striae terminalis
- td
nucleus tractus diagonalis (Broca)
- ts
nucleus tractus solitarii
- Vme
nucleus mesencephalicus nervi trigemini
- Vmo
nucleus motorius nervi trigemini
- Vts
nucleus tractus spinalis nervi trigemini
- XII
nucleus nervi hypoglossi |
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| Keywords: | Afferent connection Lower brain stem Hypothalamus Horseradish peroxidase Histofluorescence |
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