2011—2015年上海市杨浦区223名居民食物和营养素摄入研究

【目的】分析2011—2015年上海市杨浦区223名居民食物、营养素摄入量及其变化。【方法】数据来自2011年和2015年“中国居民营养状况变迁的队列研究”项目中杨浦区2岁及以上居民的原始调查数据,采用3 d24 h膳食回顾法和调味品称重法收集膳食数据,获取居民每标准人日食物、营养素摄入量及能量营养素来源,分析其不同年度的摄入情况。【结果】2015年居民每标准人日蔬菜、水果、畜禽肉、水产品、蛋类、奶及奶制品、大豆及坚果、食用油、盐摄入量均低于2011年,2015年谷薯类、蔬菜、水果、水产品、蛋类、奶及奶制品、大豆及坚果、食用油摄入不足的比例分别占56.0%、84.0%、98.2%、56.0%、70.2%、97.8%、85.3%、91.1%,畜禽肉类摄入过量的比例为51.6%;2015年居民每标准人日能量、蛋白质、脂肪及微量营养素的摄入量均低于2011年,2015年能量、蛋白质、维生素A、维生素B1、维生素B2、维生素C、钙摄入不足的比例分别为84.0%、56.4%、97.3%、93.8%、93.3%、90.2%、91.6%,2011年、2015年居民碳水化合物供能比低于50%的分别占64.6%、49.8%,蛋白质供能比高于15%分别的占76.2%、40.4%,脂肪供能比高于30%的分别占76.7%、72.9%。【结论】2011—2015年杨浦区社区居民整体上的食物和营养素摄入量均普遍降低,食物摄入不足和摄入过量的问题并存,其中食物摄入不足较严重,能量、大部分维生素及钙等营养素摄入不足情况仍旧严峻。同时膳食结构不尽合理,3大营养素供能失衡,建议应加大对居民的营养宣教。

Food and nutrients intake among 223 residents in Yangpu District from 2011 to 2015

[Objective]To analyze the intake and changes of food and nutrients in 223 residents of Yangpu District from 2011 to 2015.[Methods]From the China Nutritional Transition Cohort Study in 2011 and 2015,the data in the study was obtained on Yangpu District′s residents aged 2 and above.A dietary survey was conducted using the 3-day 24-hour dietary recall and condiment weighing method to obtain data on food and nutrients intake per reference man per day and the nutrient source of energy,and to analyze the intake status of different years.[Results]The intake of vegetables,fruits,livestock and poultry,aquatic products,eggs,milk and dairy products,soybeans and nuts,edible oil and salt per reference man per day was lower in 2015 than in 2011.The insufficient intake proportions of cereals and tubers,vegetables,fruits,aquatic products,eggs,milk and dairy products,soybeans and nuts,and edible oils were 56.0%,84.0%,98.2%,56.0%,70.2%,97.8%,85.3%and 91.1%,respectively,the excessive intake proportion of livestock and poultry meat was 51.6%;the intake of energy,protein,fat and micronutrient per reference man per day in 2015 was lower than in 2011,and the insufficient intake proportion of energy,protein,vitamin A,vitamin B1,vitamin B2,vitamin C,and calcium were 84.0%,56.4%,97.3%,93.8%,93.3%,90.2%and 91.6%,respectively.In 2011 and 2015,it was found that residents who had the proportions of energy supply from carbohydrate lower than 50%accounted for 64.6%and 49.8%,those who had the proportions of energy supply from protein higher than 15%accounted for 76.2%and 40.4%,and those who had the proportions of energy supply from fat higher than 30%accounted for 76.7%and 72.9%.[Conclusion]In 2011-2015,the food and nutrients intakes among community residents in Yangpu District generally decrease,showing the coexistent problems of insufficient and excessive food intake,and the insufficient intake is serious.The insufficient intake of energy,vitamins and calcium is still a severe problem.And the dietary structure is not rational;the proportions of energy supply from three major nutrients are unbalanced.It is suggested that nutrition education for residents should be enhanced.