2017年南京市浦口区农村环境卫生现况评估

【目的】为掌握南京市浦口区农村环境卫生危害因素及动态变化,客观评价农村环境卫生状况,为有关部门制订政策措施提供依据和支持。【方法】根据《2017年江苏省农村环境卫生监测工作方案》的要求,随机选择5个街道,20个行政村作为监测点,100户家庭作为监测对象,通过访谈、查阅资料、现场记录、实验室检测等方法获得监测数据。【结果】20个监测点均实现了集中式供水,生活垃圾收集、转运、集中处理率已达95.00%。污水排放地点以排入污水处理厂和无害化卫生厕所为主,分别占41.00%和42.00%,卫生户厕覆盖率达95.54%。开展灭鼠、灭蝇、灭蚊工作的占40.00%,开展灭蟑螂工作的占25.00%。98.00%的家庭使用的燃料为煤气,98.00%的家庭从不在田里焚烧秸秆,88.00%的家庭不使用农膜,使用农膜的家庭农膜回收利用率为91.67%。100%的家庭饮用开水,90.00%的调查对象养成了饭前便后洗手的习惯。20份土壤样品中蛔虫卵检出率为20.00%,铅、镉、铬含量均在正常范围内。【结论】浦口区农村环境卫生尽管取得了一些成绩,但还应进一步加强农村污水、垃圾及粪便污染的管理,积极开展除四害活动,减少影响农村居民健康的危险因素。

Status assessment on rural environmental hygiene in Pukou District of Nanjing in 2017

[Objective]To ascertain the level and dynamic changes of environmental health hazards in the rural areas of Pukou,Nanjing,to objectively evaluate the situation of rural environmental sanitation,providing basis and support for formulating policies and measures by the higher authorities.[Methods]According to the requirements of the rural environmental sanitation monitoring program of Jiangsu Province in 2017,5 streets,20 administrative villages were selected as monitoring points and 100 families used as monitoring objects.The monitoring data were obtained through interviews,access data,field records and laboratory tests.[Results]Centralized water supply was realized by 20 monitoring points.The rate of collection and centralized disposal of domestic waste was 95.00%.The sewage disposal sites were mainly discharged into sewage treatment plants and harmless sanitary toilets,accounting for 41.00%and 42.00%respectively.The coverage rate of sanitary toilets was 95.54%.Those who did the work of killing rats,flies and mosquitoes accounted for 40.00%and those who did the work of killing cockroaches 25.00%.And 98.00%of the families used fuel for gas,98.00%of the families never burned straw in the fields,88.00%of the families did not use the film,and the membrane recycling rate was 91.67%.It was found that 100%of the households drank boiled water,and 90.00%of the respondents developed the habit of washing hands before and after meals.The detection rate of Ascaris eggs was 20.00%in 20 soil samples,and the contents of Pb,CD and Cr were all within the normal range.[Conclusion]Although some achievements have been made in the rural environmental sanitation in Pukou,the management of pollution of rural sewage,waste and feces should be further strengthened,and the dangerous factors that affect the health of rural residents should be decreased and four pests removal activities actively carried out.