常见致病菌23S rRNA基因片段序列分析及其应用初探

目的通过临床常见致病菌23S rRNA基因序列差异的分析，探索建立可同时检测或鉴定多种细菌的分子生物学方法。方法对常见致病菌23S rRNA基因的一个多变区序列进行聚合酶链反应（PCR）扩增和测序分析，根据序列差异设计相应引物和探针，并采用PCR-凝胶电泳分析和PCR-反向杂交技术检测或鉴定临床常见致病菌。结果1.革兰阳性菌和革兰阴性菌间的23S rRNA基因序列存在较大差异，通过PCR扩增和凝胶电泳分析能快速区分待测菌株为革兰阳性菌抑或革兰阴性菌。2.不同菌种间亦存在一定差异，可通过PCR-反向杂交技术将细菌鉴定到种。结论.临床常见致病菌的23S rRNA基因之间存在可供细菌鉴定的序列差异，据此可望建立各种具有快速，灵敏，准确特点的分子生物学方法，为细菌感染的快速病原诊断提供客观依据。

Partial sequence analysis of 23S rRNA gene in common bacteria and its application in the diagnosis of bacterial infection

Objective To analyze the 23S rRNA gene partial sequences of common bacteria, and establish molecular biologic techniques to identify bacteria by the difference of gene sequences. Methods Analyzing the sequences of variable region of bacterial 23S rRNA genes, primers and oligonucleotide probes were designed accordingly. Thereafter, bacteria were identified by PCR gel electrophoresis and PCR reverse hybridization. Results There exists significant sequence difference between Gram negative bacteria and Gram positive bacteria and it could be used to differentiate these 2 kinds of bacteria quickly with PCR gel electrophoresis. Meanwhile, sequence variety in different species of bacteria was also observed and PCR reverse hybridization could be used to identify different bacterial species further.Conclusions There exist significant sequence differences among 23S rRNA genes in different common bacteria. By the sequence differences, a specific, sensitive and rapid molecular biologic techniques could be established to quickly identify the pathogens of bacterial infections.