四川省凉山州HIV/AIDS患者污名化与焦虑抑郁的关系

目的了解四川省凉山州艾滋病病毒(HIV)感染者/艾滋病(AIDS)患者(简称HIV/AIDS患者)污名化与焦虑、抑郁的关系。方法采用自制一般资料问卷、简版污名化量表、广泛性焦虑障碍量表(GAD-7)、抑郁症筛查量表(PHQ-9)对751例HIV/AIDS患者进行问卷调查。采用线性回归进行统计学分析。结果本次研究有效样本量729人。其中男性368人(50.48%);平均年龄(38.16±8.58)岁;彝族723人(99.18%);已婚/同居占77.50%;从未上学者536人(73.53%);578人(79.29%)不识字;329人(45.13%)汉语交流困难;年收入低于10 000元占83.54%。污名化总分为(24.60±8.48)分,调整人口学变量后分析显示,个人耻辱(β=0.710,P <0.001)、担心公开(β=0.413,P <0.001)、公众态度(β=0.715,P <0.001)、负面自我形象(β=1.003,P <0.001)、污名化总分(β=0.306,P <0.001)是HIV/AIDS患者焦虑症状的正相关因素。个人耻辱(β=0.659,P <0.001)、担心公开(β=0.215,P <0.001)、公众态度(β=0.739,P <0.001)、负面自我形象(β=0.685,P <0.001)、污名化总分(β=0.236,P <0.001)也是HIV/AIDS患者抑郁症状的正相关因素。结论凉山州HIV/AIDS患者所遭受的污名化与其焦虑、抑郁症状呈显著性正相关,应加强对艾滋病知识教育,减少艾滋病歧视,提高HIV/AIDS患者心理健康水平。

Relationship between stigma,anxiety and depression of HIV/AIDS patients in Liangshan prefecture,Sichuan province

Objective To investigate the relationship between stigma, anxiety and depression of HIV/AIDS patients in Liangshan prefecture, Sichuan province. Methods A total of 751 patients with HIV/AIDS were investigated with a self-made questionnaire, 12-item short version of HIV stigma scale, generalized anxiety disorder-7 scale(GAD-7) and patient health questionnaire depression scale(PHQ-9). Linear regression was used for statistical analysis. Results The effective sample size of this study was 729. Among them, 50.48%(368 cases) were males;the average age was(38.16±8.58) years;99.18%(723 cases) were Yi ethnics;and 77.50% was the married/cohabitation. The total score of stigma was 24.60 ±8.48. After adjusting demographic variables, the analysis showed that personalised stigma(β =0.710, P<0.001), fear of disclosure(β =0.413, P<0.001), public attitudes to HIV/AIDS(β =0.715, P<0.001), negative self-image(β =1.003, P<0.001) and stigma score(β =0.306, P<0.001) were positively correlated with anxiety symptoms of HIV/AIDS patients. Personalised stigma(β=0.659, P<0.001), fear of disclosure(β=0.215, P<0.001), public attitudes to HIV/AIDS(β=0.739, P<0.001), negative self-image(β =0.685, P<0.001) and stigma score(β =0.236, P<0.001) were also positively correlated with depressive symptoms of HIV/AIDS patients. Conclusion The stigma suffered by HIV/AIDS patients in Liangshan is significantly positively correlated with their anxiety and depression symptoms. Health education on HIV/AIDS knowledge should be strengthened to reduce the discrimination and improve the mental health of HIV/AIDS patients.