酞咪哌啶酮治疗多发性骨髓瘤疗效与机制

目的　观察酞咪哌啶酮 (thalidomide,商品名反应停 )治疗多发性骨髓瘤 (multiplemyeloma ,MM)的疗效、机制及不良反应。方法　用凝血因子Ⅷ相关抗原和CD3 4 单克隆抗体 (单抗 )免疫组化染色方法 ,观察 10例患者骨髓微血管密度 (MVD)。用ELISA方法测定患者治疗前、后血清血管内皮细胞生长因子 (VEGF)的浓度。反应停起始剂量 10 0～ 2 0 0mg d ,每周以 5 0mg d增加 ,直至 45 0～ 6 5 0mg d。根据血清M蛋白及骨髓中骨髓瘤细胞减少情况判断疗效 ,疗效分为部分缓解、进步和无效 ,同时观察MM患者贫血的程度、骨髓瘤细胞百分数、肾功能及血电解质等指标的变化。结果　患者MVD治疗前为 73.32± 2 8.80 ,与正常对照组 32 .30± 12 .5 0相比 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 1)。治疗后为 5 6 .12±19 34 ,与治疗前差异有显著性 ,和正常对照组相比 ,差异有显著性 (P值分别 <0 .0 5 ,<0 .0 1)。患者治疗前、后VEGF的浓度分别为 (178.2 3± 2 6 .5 6 )ng L和 (74.48± 19.98)ng L ,两组差异有显著性 (P值分别 <0 .0 5 ,<0 .0 1)。 10例MM患者中部分缓解 4例 ,进步 3例 ,无效 3例 ,总有效率 70 % ,无不能耐受的不良反应。结论　MM患者MVD和VEGF明显增高 ,经反应停治疗两者均明显下降。反应停剂量为45 0～ 6 5 0mg d能有效治疗

Therapeutic effectiveness of thalidomide to multiple myeloma and its mechanism

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effective mechanism and side effects of thalidomide to multiple myeloma (MM). METHODS: Ten cases of MM were studied, of which 3 were previously untreated and 7 refractory or relapsed. Bone marrow microvascular density (MVD) was detected by factor-VIII related antigen and CD(34) immunohistological staining and serum concentration of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) before and after treatment was determined by ELISA. The initial dosage of thalidomide was 100 approximately 200 mg/d with a weekly escalation of 50 mg/d to 450 approximately 650 mg/d. The therapeutic effectiveness is classified into partial remission, improvement and uneffective according to the decrease of serum M protein and bone marrow myeloma cells. Anemia, renal function and blood electrolytes were also observed. RESULTS: Before treatment, MVD was 73.32 +/- 28.80 and 32.30 +/- 12.50 in MM and control group, respectively, (P < 0.01). MVD in MM group decreased to 56.12 +/- 19.34 after treatment, and was of significant difference (P < 0.05) as compared to the pretreatment value. However, there was still a significant difference as compared to control (56.12 +/- 19.34 vs 32.30 +/- 12.50, P < 0.01). The concentration of VEGF significantly decreased after treatment [from (178.23 +/- 26.56) ng/L to (78.48 +/- 19.98) ng/L, P < 0.01)]. The total effective rate was 70%. There were no serious side effects. CONCLUSION: MVD and VEGF concentration were decreased obviously by thalidomide treatment. The dosage of 450 approximately 650 mg/d might be effective in refractory or initial MM.