火箭推进剂应急抢险个体防护装备的设计与研究

目的:研制一种用于液体火箭推进剂应急救援的个体防护装备。方法:防护服采取全包覆隔绝式结构,主要材料采用丁基胶或丁基胶涂覆聚乙烯胶布,内部安装温度、压力监测传感器。大眼窗全闭合头罩,内部安装量程为(0~20)×10-6(V/V)、精度为±1%的推进剂毒气监测传感器,内置头戴式有线耳麦和具备有线/无线2种传输方式的通信模块,无线和有线传输距离不小于150 m和1 000 m。采用空气压缩机作为主供气源,出口含油量不大于2 mg/m3,露点1~3℃。长管正压供气,气路安装涡流降温阀。结果:个体防护装备系统防护因数不小于100,呼吸防护因数不小于10 000,推进剂"气-液"防护时间不小于150 min。结论:该防护装备适用于保护操作人员在遂行推进剂突发事件应急抢险任务时免受推进剂伤害,防护性能好,并显著改善人体生理负荷,可满足发射场推进剂安全防护保障的需要。

Research and Design of Individual Protective Equipment for Liquid Rocket Propellant

Objective To develop an individual protective equipment for emergency rescue of liquid propellant. Methods The protective clothing, totally coated and isolated, was made of butyl or polyethylene-coated butyl mackintosh and equipped with temperature and pressure sensors. The propellant toxic gas detectors which ranged from（0-20）×10-6（V/V） with the precision of ＋1% were installed in the completed closed hood, which was outfitted with an earphone and a communication module with a wireless transmission distance not less than 150 m and wired transmission distance not less than 1 000 m. With the air compressor as the main air source, the oil content at the exit was not more than 2 mg/m3 and the dew point ranged from 1 to 3 ℃. The air was provided by air line in positive pressure mode, and the vortex effect refrigeration valve was installed in the gas circuit. Results The factor of the individual protective equipment was not less than 100; the breath protective factor was not less than 10 000; the gas-liquid protective time was not less than 150 min. Conclusion The protective equipment can be used to protect the staff against the propellant and reduce physiological load.