前交叉韧带重建移植材料的研究与进展

背景：膝关节前交叉韧带重建效果受多种因素影响,包括移植物的选择。目的：对用于前交叉韧带重建的移植材料的种类、材料性质、相关实验、临床应用等方面的研究进行回顾分析。方法：由第一作者检索1985/2009PubMed数据及万方数据库有关前交叉韧带重建的移植材料如自体韧带、同种异体韧带、人工韧带、组织工程韧带、异种韧带等方面的文献。结果与结论：目前国内外修复前交叉韧带损伤可供选择的移植物有自体组织替代物、同种异体韧带、人工韧带、生物组织工程韧带等。此外还有一些其他生物材料如异种韧带等,目前还处于实验探索及研究阶段。人工合成材料与组织工程韧带近几年研究较多,但其制作工艺复杂,价格昂贵,很难满足临床移植的需要。随着越来越多去抗原处理技术的出现,有效去除异种韧带的免疫原性,提高其组织相容性已不是没有可能,在此基础上异种韧带来源广泛,获取方便、价格低廉、适用性广等优势得以凸显。

Research progress of graft materials for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

BACKGROUND： The effect of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction is affected by many factors, including graft choice. OBJECTIVE： To retrospectively analyze the graft types, material properties, relevant experiments and clinical application in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. METHODS： The first author retrieved PubMed and Wanfang databases （1985/2009） for articles addressing graft materials for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, such as autologous ligaments, ligament allograft, artificial ligaments, tissue engineered ligament, and heterogeneous ligaments. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION： Implants for repairing of anterior cruciate ligament injuries include autologous ligaments, ligament allograft, artificial ligaments, tissue engineered ligament. Furthermore, other materials such as xenografts are underlying testing and feasibility studies. Artificial materials and tissue engineered ligaments are the hotspots in recent years. However, the high-cost and complex process limits the clinical use of these two kinds of implants. With the development of antigen-processing technologies, it is impossible to efficiently eliminate the immunogenicity of heterogeneous tendon/ligament and improve quality of biocompatibility. Xenografts with the good price and rich source are convenient to be obtained and suitable to widespread application in the future.