生物材料生物相容性的评价方法和发展趋势

背景：对生物材料进行生物相容性的评价是进入临床实验前的重点研究内容,但是目前国内外标准的评价体系尚未完全建立,影响了生物材料的研究。目的：对生物材料生物相容性的评价方法进行回顾和展望。方法：应用计算机检索2000-01/2010-08PubMed数据库相关文章,检索词为＂biomaterials,biocompatibility,evaluated methods,trend＂,并限定文章语言种类为English。同时计算机检索2000-01/2010-08中国期刊网全文数据库（CNKI）相关文章,检索词为＂生物材料,生物相容性,评价方法,研究进展＂,并限定文章语言种类为中文。共检索到文献104篇,最终纳入符合标准的文献25篇。结果与结论：生物材料必须具有良好的生物相容性才能确保临床应用的安全性。生物材料不引起明显的临床反应以及能耐受宿主各系统的作用而保持相对稳定、不被破坏和排斥的生物学性质则为生物相容性良好。生物相容性的评价是生物材料进入临床实验前必不可少的关键环节。随着分子生物学的迅速发展,生物材料生物相容性的评价方法研究手段逐渐多样化,其评价已从整体、细胞水平进入了分子水平。

Evaluated methods and developmental trend of biocompatibility of biomaterials

BACKGROUND： The evaluation of biomaterial biocompatibility is a key step before the clinical application, but the current international standard evaluation system has not been completely established, which affected the research of biomaterials. OBJECTIVE： To review and prospect the evaluation method of biomaterials on biocompatibility. METHODS： ＂Biomaterials, biocompatibility, evaluated methods, trend＂ in English was utilized as search terms to retrieve PubMed database （2000-01/2010-08）. Literatures were limited to English. Simultaneously, ＂biomaterials, biocompatibility, evaluated methods, trend＂ in Chinese was used to search CNKI database. Literatures were limited to Chinese. A total of 104 literatures were retrieved, and finally 5 standard literatures were included. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION： Biomaterials must have a good biocompatibility to ensure security of clinical application. Biomaterials does not cause clinical reaction and can tolerate the role of the host systems to remain relative stable, no destruction, and exclusion of the biological properties, which was a good biocompatibility. The evaluated method of biocompatibility of biomaterials is an indispensable key before clinical experiment. With the rapid development of molecular biology, the evaluated methods of biocompatibility of biomaterials have been more and more diversification and their evaluation have been raised from the cell level to molecular level.