中国居民膳食的变迁

为探讨建国 5 0年来我国膳食的变化趋势及其意义 ,分析了来自中国健康与营养调查 (1989～ 1997年 )、全国营养调查 (1982、1992年 )、统计局家庭膳食消费资料和卫生部死亡统计年报。结果表明 ,1985年经济转轨前我国谷类的摄入量一直在上升 ,以后开始下降 ;蔬菜的摄入量也呈下降趋势 ,1995年后趋于稳定 ;1979年前动物性食品的摄入量增加缓慢 ,以后增加速度加快。摄入的总能量开始下降 ,能量的来源构成发生了很大变化 ,至 1997年时 ,来自脂肪的能量已占总能量的 2 7 3% ,城市占 32 8% ,平均三分之一的居民 (城市5 8 4% )来自脂肪的能量已超过 30 %。这些变化导致了超重和肥胖的患病率、营养相关性慢性病的死亡率和城市居民的总死亡率上升。中国的膳食变迁已进入一个新的历史时期 ,传统膳食正在向高脂肪、高能量密度、低膳食纤维改变。

Transition of dietary pattern in China

The implications of dietary transition in China during the past 50 years were investigated. Data were collected from the representative national surveys, China Health and Nutrition Survey (1989-1997), China National Nutrition Survey (1982 and 1992), the Annual Household Consumption Surveys of the State Statistic Bureau and the Annual Death Report of China.In the early part of the major economic transformation, cereal intake increased before 1985 and decreased thereafter.There was also a long\|term reduction of vegetable consumption, which has stabilized now. Intakes of animal foods increased slowly before 1979 and more quickly after the economic reforms occurred.The total energy intake has reduced, as energy expenditure has, large changes in the composition of energy have occurred.The proportion of energy from fat increased quickly and reached 27 3% in average and 32 8% in urban residents in 1997.More than one third of all Chinese adults and 58 4% of adults in urban areas consuming over 30% of their energy from fat. These changes resulted in rapid increases the prevalence of overweight and obesity and dietary\|related chronic non-communicable diseases in urban residents. The traditional Chinese diet is shifting towards a diet with high fat, high energy density and low dietary fiber. The Chinese diets have entered into a new stage of transition.