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Regulatory T‐Cell Counter‐Regulation by Innate Immunity Is a Barrier to Transplantation Tolerance |
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| Authors: | J I Kim M K Lee IV D J Moore S B Sonawane P E Duff M R O’Connor H Yeh M M Lian S Deng A J Caton J F Markmann |
| Institution: | 1. Division of Surgery, Department of Transplantation, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA;2. These two authors contributed equally to this work.;3. Harrison Department of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA;4. Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt Children's Hospital, Nashville, TN;5. The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA |
| Abstract: | Innate immune signals foster adaptive immunity through activation of antigen‐presenting cells. Recent in vitro evidence suggests that innate signaling may also contribute to immunity by countering the effects of regulatory T cells (T‐regs), counter‐regulation. We present in vivo evidence using a transgenic skin allograft model that the function of T‐regs is lost in the setting of acute skin transplantation but remains intact when grafts were transplanted 1 month prior to allow surgery‐induced inflammation to abate. Our findings identify T‐reg counter‐regulation as a naturally occurring process that accompanies transplantation and an important barrier to T‐reg–mediated tolerance. Our finding further highlights the central role of regulatory cell deactivation in the initiation of the immune response. |
| Keywords: | Allograft inflammation T‐reg transplant tolerance |