美沙酮药物维持治疗门诊开展心理行为干预的对照研究

目的:观察心理行为干预在美沙酮药物维持治疗(methadone maintenance treatment,MMT)中的效果。方法:将参加MMT的120例海洛因成瘾者按照入组时间分为观察组和对照组,在MMT前使用抑郁自评量表(SOS)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)、家庭功能评定量表(FAD)和社会支持评定量表(SSRS)进行心理、家庭功能和社会支持量表测评。进入维持阶段后,对观察组病例同时实施心理行为干预,对照组只服药,不进行心理行为干预。治疗三个月后对两组病例再次进行心理、家庭功能和社会支持量表测评。结果:治疗前两组抑郁自评量表均值、焦虑自评量表均值均高于全国常模。治疗后两组对比抑郁、焦虑、家庭支持量表评分均值有统计学差异(P<0.05)。结论:海洛因成瘾者具有明显的心理和行为障碍,在MMT中开展心理、行为等干预措施可减轻受治者的心理障碍症状,提高家庭支持效果,降低脱失率。提示:MMT门诊应开展心理行为干预项目,使其成为MMT门诊服务功能的一部分。

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF PSYCHOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR INTERVENTION IN METHADONE MAINTENANCE TREATMENT CLINICS

Objective:To observe the effects of psychological behavior intervention in methadone maintenance treatment(MMT).Methods:One hundred and twenty heroin addicts under MMT were divided into observation group and control group according to the time they entered MMT.The observation group received MMT combined with psychological behavior intervention program while the control group received MMT only.Their psychological status,family function and social support were valued with Self-Rating Depression Scale(SOS),Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS),Family Assessment Device(FAD)and Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS)before MMT and three months later.Results:The mean values of SOS and SAS in both groups were higher than Chinese norms before treatment;the mean values of SOS,SAS and FAD of the observation group showed statistical difference from those of the control group (P<0.05) after treatment for three months.Conclusion:Heroin addicts suffer from obvious psychological and behavioral disturbances; applying psychological behavior intervention during MMT can alleviate psychological disturbances of heroin addicts,increase the effects of family support and decrease dropout rate.We suggest that psychological behavior intervention program should be conducted as part of treatment of MMT in MMT clinics.