三种抗运动病药物对前庭-听觉认知和自主神经反应活动影响分析

目的 空间运动病是载人航天飞行不可规避的医学问题之一,目前服用抗运动病药物是较为有效的预防方法.但大多数抗运动病药物均对认知功能有一定影响,且其影响在前庭刺激下会有所改变.为良好地指导航天医学实践,本试验比较了口服3种抗运动病药物(盐酸地芬尼多、茶苯海明、盐酸异丙嗪)对前庭刺激下听觉认知和自主神经反应活动的影响. 方法 采用拉丁方试验设计、严格双盲给药,对8名受试者进行了定最前庭刺激,前庭刺激的同时要求受试者完成听觉认知任务.记录受试者完成认知任务的脑电信号,采用事件相关电位技术提取完成认知任务的P3成分.对口服安慰剂和不同抗运动病药物下P3成分潜伏期和峰值波幅进行了比较. 结果 抑制前庭自主神经反应的顺序为盐酸异丙嗪、茶苯海明、盐酸地芬尼多、安慰剂;对前庭刺激下脑认知过程的影响从强到弱为盐酸异丙嗪、茶苯海明、安慰剂、盐酸地芬尼多. 结论 在同样前庭刺激下盐酸地芬尼多对自主神经系统反应有调节作用,对前庭刺激下脑认知过程影响较弱,是温和作用药物,也是在非严重运动病爆发下的首选药物.

Effect analysis of three anti-motion sickness drugs on vestibular-auditory cognitive and autonomic responses

Objective Space motion sickness is one of the inevitable problems that space medicine should face to. At present the administering anti-motion sickness drugs is the most widely used prevention and therapy path. But nearly all drugs have side effects on cognitive function and those effects would be changed by vestibular stimuli. Effects of three anti-motion sickness drugs (difenidol hydrochloride, dimenhydrinate and promethazine hydrochloride) on vestibular-cognitive interaction and vestibular autonomic response were explored. Methods The experiment was done along with 4 × 4Latin Square design and the double blind medication. Eight male volunteers were exposed to vestibular stimuli after administering drugs for 30-40 minutes. They were asked to complete auditory cognitive task during vestibular stimuli under the monitoring of electroencephalogram and electrocardiogram.The P3 component of event-related potentials and heart rate variability parameters were analyzed upon different drugs. Results The order of vestibular autonomic responses inhibition was promethazine hydrochloride, dimenhydrinate, difenidol hydrochloride, placebo, and the order of vestibular-cognitive processing inhibition was promethazine hydrochloride, dimenhydrinate, placebo, difenidol hydrochloride. Conclusions It is suggested that difenidol hydrochloride would be the first choice in case of same vestibular stimuli and less severe motion sickness symptoms.