Relationship of abdominal obesity with alcohol consumption at population scale |
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Authors: | Helmut Schröder Jose Antonio Morales-Molina Silvia Bermejo Diego Barral Eduardo Soler Mándoli María Grau Monica Guxens Elisabet de Jaime Gil Marisol Domínguez Álvarez Jaume Marrugat |
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Institution: | (1) Lipids and Cardiovascular Epidemiology Research Unit, Institut Municipal d’Investigació Mèdica, IMIM, Hospital de Mar, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona (PRBB), c/Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain;(2) Dept. of Pharmacy, IMIM-Hospital de Mar, Barcelona, Spain;(3) Dept. of Anesthesiology, IMIM-Hospital de Mar, Barcelona, Spain;(4) Pharmacology Research Unit, IMIM-Hospital de Mar, Barcelona, Spain;(5) Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain;(6) Preventive Medicine and Public Health IMAS-UPF-ASPB, Barcelona, Spain;(7) IMIM-Hospital de Mar, Barcelona, Spain;(8) Dept. of Pneumology, IMIM-Hospital de Mar, Barcelona, Spain |
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Abstract: | Background The high energy content of alcohol makes its consumption a potential contributor to the obesity epidemic.
Aim of the study To determine whether alcohol consumption is a risk factor for abdominal obesity, taking into account energy underreporting.
Methods The subjects were Spanish men (n = 1491) and women (n = 1563) aged 25–74 years who were examined in 1999–2000, in a population-based
cross-sectional survey in northeastern Spain (Girona). Dietary intake, including alcohol consumption, was assessed using a
food frequency questionnaire. Anthropometric variables were measured.
Results The mean consumption of alcohol was 18.1 ± 20.7 g/d in men and 5.3 ± 10.4 g/d in women. 19.3% of men and 2.3% of women reported
alcohol consumption of more than 3 drinks per day. The consumption of alcohol was directly associated with total energy intake
in men (P < 0.001) and women (P = 0.001). The proportion of energy underreporting significantly (P < 0.001) decreased with higher amounts of alcohol drinking in both genders. Multiple logistic regression analysis, controlled
for energy underreporting, smoking, educational level, leisure-time physical activity, energy, and diet quality, revealed
that consuming more than 3 drinks of alcohol (>30 g ethanol) was significantly associated with the risk of abdominal obesity
(Odds ratio 1.80; 1.05, 3.09) and exceeding recommended energy consumption (Odds ratio 1.97; 1.32, 2.93) in men. A very small
number (2.13%) of women in this population reported high levels of alcohol consumption.
Conclusions Alcohol consumption in elevated amounts was associated with risk of abdominal obesity in men, independent of energy underreporting. |
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Keywords: | waist alcoholic beverages energy underreporting |
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