0～5岁儿童股骨头骨骺生长发育研究

目的研究儿童股骨头骨骺出现的时间、直径大小，探讨儿童股骨头骨骺生长发育的规律。方法测量1450例在本院骨盆平片检查正常的0～5岁儿童股骨头骨骺直径；采用Chi—Square和T—test分别对不同性别、月龄儿童的股骨头骨骺出现率及直径大小进行检验，采用一元回归分析，建立不同性别儿童左右股骨头骨骺直径与月龄之间的回归方程。结果1月龄及其以下儿童未出现股骨头骨骺，2月龄儿童开始出现股骨头骨骺，至13个月时出齐，其中，2、3、4和6月龄儿童，女性股骨头骨骺出现率分别为21．4％、20．0％、42．9％、54．4％，均高于男性（0．0％、0．0％、0．0％、51．5％），差异均有统计学意义；男女儿童左右股骨头骨骺直径随月龄增长而逐渐增大。其中，3、4、6、10月龄女性儿童，左右股骨头骨骺直径大于男性，差异均有统计学意义；男、女儿童左右股骨头骨骺直径大小与月龄之间的同归方程分别为：男性：左侧为2．069＋0．448X，右侧为2．163＋0．445X；女性：左侧为2．744＋0．448X，右侧为2．886＋0．439x。结论儿童股骨头骨骺出现时间及直径大小存在性别和侧别的差异，女性股骨头骨骺出现时间早于男性，3、4、6、10月龄女性儿童，股骨头骨骺直径大于男性；根据不同性别儿童月龄建立的直线同归方程，可预测不同性别、不同月龄儿童左右股骨头骨骺直径，为临床早期发现儿童股骨头骨骺生长发育不良提供依据。

A study on femoral head epiphysis growth and development in chinese children younger than 5-year old

Objective To study the growth and development of femoral head epiphysis in Chinese children younger than 5-years. Methods 1 450 healthy Chinese children were enrolled. The diameter of femoral head epiphysis was measured on pelvic X-ray photography and the measurement technology of medical image processing software. Chi-Square and T-test were respectively used to compare the growth rate and diameter of femoral head epiphysis by gender and age, and the linear regression equation was established to predict the diameter of femoral head epiphysis by age. Results Femoral head epiphysis did not appear within the 1st month after birth, and only began to develop in some female infants older than 2 months. After 13 months, femoral head epiphysis could be found in all Chinese children regardless of gender. The femoral head epiphysis growth rates of female infants aged 2-months （21.4%）, 3-months （20.0%）, 4-months （42.9%） and 6-months （54.4%） were significantly higher than those in male （0.0%, 0.0%, 0.0%, 51.5% respectively）; The diameter of femoral head epiphyses was gradually increasing by the age in both girls and boys, but the diameters of femoral head epiphysis in 3-months, 4-months, 6-months, 10-months old girls were significantly larger than those in boys. The linear regression equation to predict the diameter of femoral head epiphysis was respectively established as fellows： boys： Left = 2.069 ＋ 0.448 X, right = 2.163 ＋ 0.445X; girls： Left = 2.744 ＋ 0.448 X, right = 2.886 ＋ 0.439 X. Conclusions There are gender differences in growing time and the diameter of femoral head epiphysis in Chinese children. Linear regression equations can be used to predict the diameter of femoral head epiphysis and provide the guidance for the early diagnosis of diseases related to the growth and development of the femoral head epiphysis.