Antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic effects of the stem of Musa sapientum Linn. in streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rats

Background: Musa sapientum Linn. is a herbaceous plant of the Musaceae family. It has been used in India for the treatment of gastric ulcer, hypertension, diarrhea, dysentery, and diabetes. The antidiabetic effect of the fruit, root, and flower has been demonstrated. The aim of the present study was to assess the antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic effects of the stem of M. sapientum Linn. Methods: Diabetes was induced in rats by streptozotocin injection (45 mg/kg, i.p.). Diabetic rats were treated for 2 weeks with different doses of lyophilized stem juice of M. sapientum Linn. (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg) to select the most effective dose. The effects of 4 weeks treatment with this dose (50 mg/kg) on fasting and postprandial plasma glucose (FPG, PPG) levels, body weight, lipid profile, HbA1c, insulin, liver enzymes (i.e. glucokinase, glucose‐6‐phosphatase and 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl coenzyme A [HMG‐CoA] reductase) and muscle and liver glycogen were evaluated. Results: The most effective dose of lyophilized stem juice of M. sapientum Linn. was 50 mg/kg. Four weeks treatment with this dose resulted in significant decreases in FPG and PPG (P < 0.05). Serum insulin increased (P < 0.05) whereas HbA1c decreased (P < 0.05). Diabetes‐induced changes to the lipid profile, muscle and liver glycogen, and enzyme activity (i.e. glucokinase, glucose‐6‐phosphatase, and HMG‐CoA reductase) were restored near to normal levels (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Diabetic rats responded favorably to treatment with lyophilized stem juice of M. sapientum Linn., which exhibits antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic effects.