Erratum to: Alterations of the B-Cell Response by HIV-1 Replication |
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Authors: | Xiaoying Shen Georgia D. Tomaras |
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Affiliation: | (1) Department of Surgery, Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Rm 4030 MSRBII, 2 Genome Ct., Durham, NC 27710, USA;(2) Departments of Surgery, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Rm 4079 MSRBII, 2 Genome Ct., Durham, NC 27710, USA |
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Abstract: | While the hallmark of HIV-1 infection is the progressive depletion of CD4+ T cells, extensive B-cell dysfunction ensues that impairs the quality of the humoral response. HIV-1 infection causes hypergammaglobulinemia, polyclonal activation, loss of memory B-cell subsets, B-cell exhaustion, aberrant B-cell surface markers, and impaired humoral responses against infections and vaccinations. The totality of the mechanisms that contribute to B-cell dysfunction in vivo is unknown, although roles for HIV proteins (Env, Tat, and Nef) and virions binding to CD21 on B cells have been identified. Recent studies suggest that early antiretroviral therapy, that minimizes virus replication, can profoundly preserve the early B-cell response to HIV-1. Thus, it is clear that there is an intricate interplay between HIV replication and stimulation of the host B-cell response to infection. A better understanding of how HIV-1 subverts a productive B-cell response is needed to inform vaccine strategies that aim to elicit long-lived plasma cells and memory B-cell responses that can act quickly upon antigen stimulation. |
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