中国农村室内空气污染及其对健康的危害

[目的]综合分析中国农村居室内空气污染现状及其对农民健康的危害,为进一步研究污染控制提供线索.[方法]收集1994～2005年间发表的有关中国农村室内空气污染及其危害研究的中文文献,进行去伪存真、整理、汇总.文献中不包括燃煤所致的砷和氟污染及其慢性中毒的研究.[结果]冬季家庭燃煤取暖是现阶段中国北方农村室内空气污染的主要原因.中国农村室内空气的污染程度与区域、季节、燃料燃烧状态、燃料种类,以及大气质量、住房结构、室内通风状况等条件有关.中国农村室内空气污染与农民慢性阻塞性肺部疾病、肺癌、呼吸系统症状和肺功能改变的关系较为密切.[结论]中国农村室内空气污染主要来源于室内燃料的燃烧,特别是煤的燃烧,并已对农民健康产生了危害.改炉改灶、行为干预、改换燃料等行之有效的措施,势在必行.

Indoor Air Quality and Its Adverse Health Effects in Rural Area of China

[Objective]To summarize the status of indoor air quality(IAQ)in rural area of China and its adverse health effect,so as to find a clue for the further research and prevention.[Methods]Articles on indoor air pollution(IAP)and its adverse health effect in rural area of China published in Chinese from 1994 through 2005 were collected and summarized.The articles on IAP of fluorine and arsenic caused by coal burning were excluded.[Results]The coal burning for heating at home in winter in north China is the major impact factors of IAQ at present stage.Besides,the type of fuels,the status of combustion,the habits of fuels using,the ventilation status and the house structure also put influence on the IAQ.Therefore,the IAQ in rural area of China varies in different regions,and in seasons,day and night.It is observed that there is certain relationship between IAP and the prevalence of COPD,lung cancer,as well as some respiratory symptoms and changes of lung function.[Conclusion]The IAP in rural area of China mainly comes from household fuel burning,especially coal burning,and can impact the residents'health.