上海市胆道癌诊治情况的调查和分析

目的评估上海市胆道癌的诊治情况。方法对上海市区1997年6月至2001年5月4年间年龄在35～74岁的658例胆道癌新病例进行流行病学调查,对收集到的390例胆囊癌、195例胆管癌和73例壶腹癌的临床资料进行分析。结果资料显示,胆道癌好发于老年人;胆囊癌男女之比为1：2．61;胆管癌和壶腹癌则男性略多于女性。胆囊癌、胆管癌和壶腹癌分别有68．5％、43．1％和22．4％的患者合并胆结石。胆囊癌的B超诊断准确率为63．1％,意外胆囊癌占20％,ⅣA和IVB期胆囊癌占43．6％。胆管癌和壶腹癌的误诊率较高,分别为19．1％和47、1％,且就诊时大多数患者已出现黄疸。69例(18．2％)胆囊癌、50例(25．6％)胆管癌和54例(74％)壶腹癌行根治性切除术,术后1、3、5年生存率分别为58．5％、42．8％、40．7％,58％、28．3％、11．1％和81．5％、39．2％、26．9％。79例胆管癌行姑息性引流术,大多数患者在术后1年内死亡。38例胆管癌植入金属内支架或塑料内支撑管,平均生存期约7个月。结论胆道癌的早期诊断仍较困难;应重视胆囊癌手术方法的规范化;怀疑胆管癌而无手术禁忌证宜手术探查;壶腹癌宜行胰十二指肠切除术。

A survey on the diagnosis and treatment of biliary tract cancers in Shanghai

OBJECTIVE: To survey the status of diagnosis and treatment of biliary tract cancer in Shanghai. METHODS: A clinical epidemiology investigation was carried out on 658 new cases of biliary duct cancers aged 35-74, that registered between June 1997 and May 2001 in urban Shanghai. Clinical findings were collected in 390 gallbladder cancer, 195 bile duct cancer and 73 ampullary cancer. RESULTS: Biliary tract cancers mainly occurred in elderly patients. Ratio of males to female was 1:2.61 in gallbladder cancer, while bile duct cancer and ampullary cancer were slightly more common in men. Association with gallstones was 68.5%, 43.1% and 22.4% for gallbladder cancer, bile duct cancer and ampullary cancer, respectively. Diagnostic accuracy rate of B-ultrasonography was 63.1% in gallbladder cancer. Incidental gallbladder cancer accounted for 20%, while stage IVA and IVB patients reached up to 43.6%. Misdiagnosis rate was still high in bile duct cancer and ampullary cancer, it was 19.1% and 47.1% respectively. In addition, most patients presented jaundice at diagnosis. 69 cases (18.2%) of gallbladder cancer, 50 cases (25.6%) of bile duct cancer and 54 cases (74%) of ampullary cancer underwent radical resection, the 1-, 3- and 5-year survival rates were 58.5%, 42.8% and 40.7%, 58%, 28.3% and 11.1%, 81.5%, 39.2% and 26.9%, respectively. 79 patients with bile duct cancer underwent palliative drainage, and most cases died within 1 year. Metal endo-prostheses or plastic stents were placed into the biliary tract in 38 patients. The median survival was about 7 months. CONCLUSIONS: It is difficult to make early diagnosis of biliary tract cancers. Standardization of the operation for gallbladder cancer must be respected. Surgical exploration should be undertaken when a bile duct cancer is suspected and there are no contraindications to surgery. Pancreatoduodenectomy should be recommended for ampullary cancer.