碘营养知识健康宣教对改善天津市部分青少年碘营养 认知及碘水平的作用

目的:研究健康宣教活动对改善天津市部分青少年的碘营养知识认知和碘水平的作用。方法:采用随机整群的抽样方法， 对天津市静海区部分青少年进行碘营养相关知识的问卷调查，收集每位调查对象的24 h 尿液和家庭饮用水样本。并对纳入 调查的青少年进行碘营养相关知识的健康宣教活动。在碘营养相关知识的健康宣教活动结束1 个月后，再次对每位调查对象 进行问卷调查和收集24 h尿液样本。使用电感耦合等离子质谱仪对24 h尿液和家庭饮用水进行碘含量的测定。结果:本次共纳入 312名青少年，平均年龄（12.53±0.56）岁，平均身高（161.79±7.77）cm，平均体重（51.69±13.50）kg，平均体重指数（19.63±4.35）kg/m2。 经过碘营养相关知识的健康宣教活动后，关于最安全高效的补碘方式的知晓率从22.76%提高到93.27%（χ2=318.43，P<0.001）， 使用加碘盐的比例从29.81%提高到50.00%（χ2=157.41，P<0.001）。愿意选择加碘盐的比例从52.24%提高到75.96%（χ2=38.14， P<0.001）。碘营养知识健康宣教前的青少年24 h 尿碘浓度（24 h-UIC）、24 h 尿量和24 h 尿碘排泄量（24 h-UIE）中位数分别为 120.42 μg/L（70.18 μg/L，191.08 μg/L）、584.79 mL/d（475.00 mL/d，651.00 mL/d）、67.11 μg/d（37.07 μg/d，107.23 μg/d）。碘营 养知识健康宣教后青少年的24 h-UIC、尿量和24 h-UIE 分别为165.90 μg/L（111.36 μg/L，240.14 μg/L）、595.00 mL/d（403.75 mL/d， 735.00 mL/d）、89.42 μg/d（56.70 μg/d，126.43 μg/d）。青少年在健康宣教后的24 h-UIC 和24 h-UIE 均高于健康宣教前 （Z=-5.15，P<0.001；Z=-4.53，P<0.001）。结论:碘营养相关知识健康宣教活动能明显改善天津市部分青少年碘营养认知和碘水平。

Effect of health education on iodine nutrition knowledge on improving iodine nutrition cognition and iodine level of some teenagers in Tianjin

Objective:To study the effect of health education activities on improving iodine nutrition knowledge cognition and iodine level of some teenagers in Tianjin. Methods:A random cluster sampling method was used to conduct a questionnaire survey on iodine nutrition knowledge among some teenagers in Jinghai District，Tianjin. 24 h urine and household drinking water samples of each participant were collected. In addition，health education activities related to iodine nutrition were carried out among the teenagers. One month after the health education campaign on iodine nutrition ended，a questionnaire survey was conducted for each subject and 24 h urine samples were collected. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was used to determine the iodine content of 24 h urine and domestic drinking water. Results:A total of 312 teenagers were included in this study. Their average age was（12.53±0.56）years old，average height was （161.79± 7.77）cm，average weight was（51.69± 13.50）kg，and average BMI was（19.63± 4.35）kg/m2. After the health education activities of iodine nutrition related knowledge，the awareness rate of the safest and most efficient iodine supplement method increased from 22.76% to 93.27%（χ2=318.43，P<0.001）. The use of iodized salt increased from 29.81% to 50.00%（χ2=157.41，P<0.001）. The percentage of those willing to choose iodized salt increased from 52.24% to 75.96%（χ2=38.14，P<0.001）. The median values of 24 h-UIC，urine volume and 24 h-UIE of teenagers before health education were 120.42 μg/d（70.18 μg/d，191.08 μg/d），584.79 mL/d（475.00 mL/d，651.00 mL/d），67.11 μg/d（37.07 μg/d，107.23 μg/d）. 24 h-UIC，urine volume and 24 h-UIE of teenagers after iodine nutrition education were 165.90 μg/L （111.36 μg/L，240.14 μg/L），595.00 mL/d（403.75 mL/d，735.00 mL/d），89.42 μg/d（56.70 μg/d，126.43 μg/d）. The 24 h-UIC and 24 h-UIE of teenagers after health education were higher than those before health education（Z=-5.15，P<0.001；Z=-4.53，P<0.001）Conclusions:Health education activities on iodine nutrition knowledge can significantly improve teenagers′ iodine nutrition cognition and iodine level of some teenagers in Tianjin.