马斯洛基本需要层次理论在预防新发基底节区脑梗死后抑郁的应用价值

目的探讨以马斯洛基本需要层次理论为指导的预见性护理在预防新发基底节区脑梗死病人急性期抑郁发生的应用价值。方法连续性选取新发基底节区脑梗死病人158例，将病人随机分为观察组78例和对照组80例，分别给予2组需求层次理论指导的预见性护理和优质常规护理，比较2组病人一般临床资料、抑郁发生情况及日常生活活动（ADL）评分的差异，采用logistic回归分析抑郁发生的危险因素。结果与对照组相比，观察组的抑郁发生率降低（P < 0.05），ADL评分明显升高（P < 0.01），轻度抑郁病人的汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD）评分降低（P < 0.05），且轻度抑郁病人的HAMD评分明显降低（P < 0.01），而ADL评分明显提高（P < 0.01）；2组病人中度及重度HAMD评分及住院时间差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。多因素logistic分析发现，在校正性别、年龄、独居及社会支持评分等相关因素后，预见性护理仍是抑郁发生的独立保护因素（OR=0.142，P < 0.01）。结论在护理新发基底节脑梗死病人中，以马斯洛基本需求层次理论为指导的预见性护理能显著降低病人急性期抑郁的发生，同时可能有潜在改善病人生活自理能力的应用价值。

Application value of Maslow's basic needs hierarchy theory in the prevention of post-stroke depression in new basal ganglia cerebral infarction

ObjectiveTo explore the application value of predictive nursing based on Maslow's basic needs hierarchy theory in preventing acute depression in patients with basal ganglia cerebral infarction.MethodsOne hundred and fifty-eight patients with new basal ganglia infarction were randomly divided into the observation group(n=78) and control group(n=80).The predictive nursing guided by needs hierarchy theory and high quality routine nursing were applied in observation group and control group, respectively.The general clinical data, occurrence of depression and score of activity of daily living(ADL) were compared between two groups, and the logistic regression was used to identify the risk factors for depression.ResultsCompared with the control group, the incidence rate of depression significantly decreased(P < 0.05), and the ADL score significantly increased in observation group(P < 0.01).Compared with the control group, the score of the Hamilton Depression Scale(HAMD) of mild depressed patients decreased(P < 0.01), and the ADL score of mild depressed patients significantly increased in observation group(P < 0.01).There was no statistical significance in moderate and severe HAMD scores and length of stay between two groups(P>0.05).The results of multivariate logistic analysis found that the predictive care was still an independent protective factor of depression occurrence after adjusting the scores of gender, age, solitary and social support(OR=0.142, P < 0.01).ConclusionsAmong nursing patients with new basal ganglia infarction, the predictive nursing based on Maslow's basic needs hierarchy theory can significantly reduce the incidence of depression in acute phase patients, and it may have potential value in improving the self-care ability of the patients.