徐州市大气细颗粒物对小学生肺功能的影响调查

目的了解徐州市秋冬季节大气细颗粒物对小学生肺功能影响,为防治小学生呼吸系统疾病提供依据。方法在徐州市区随机选取1所小学,按照分层抽样的方法分别在2016-2017年选取徐州市泉山区三至五年级小学生150、166名作为样本研究对象,结合环境监测结果,分别在雾霾天和非雾霾天进行肺功能检测,分析细颗粒物对小学生肺功能的影响。结果 2次肺功能检测同月的细颗粒物月均浓度雾霾天均高于非雾霾天(P值均<0.05),且雾霾天同月细颗粒物日均浓度超过国家二级标准天数均在50%以上;2016-2017年小学生在非霾日和霾日五项指标之间的差异FVC、FEV1具有统计学意义(P值均<0.05);细颗粒物在男生FVC、FEV1两项指标的影响因素模型中均呈负相关,偏回归系数分别为-0.124、-0.194(P值均<0.001)。细颗粒物在女生FVC、FEV1、PEF、V25、V75五项指标的影响因素模型中呈负相关,偏回归系数分别为-0.159、-0.148、-0.376、-0.109、-0.224(P值均<0.001)。结论细颗粒物和小学生肺功能下降有一定关联,应采取有效措施,加大空气污染治理。

Investigation on impact of atmospheric fine particles on lung function of primary school students in Xuzhou City

Objective To understand the impact of atmospheric fine particles on lung function of primary school students in Xuzhou City, so as to provide a reference for taking effective measures to prevent and control the diseases of respiratory system. Methods A total of 150 in 2016 and 166 in 2017 primary school students of grade 3 to 5 were selected by the stratified sampling method from a primary school in Quanshan District of Xuzhou City. Combined with the environmental monitoring results, the lung function tests were conducted in haze and non-haze days respectively to analyze the influence of fine particles on the lung function of the primary school students. Results The monthly average fine particulate matter concentration in the haze days was higher than that in the non-haze days (P<0.05), and the average daily fine particulate matter concentration in the haze days was more than 50% higher than that in the national standard days of GB3095-2012. From 2016 to 2017, there were significant differences between the non-haze days and haze days in FVC and FEV1 among the five indexes (P<0.05). The fine particulate matter was negatively correlated in the influencing factor model of the boys' FVC and FEV1, and the partial regression coefficients were -0.124 and -0.194 respectively (both P<0.001). The fine particulate matter was negatively correlated in the influencing factor model of the female students' FVC, FEV1, PEF, V25 and V75, and the partial regression coefficients were -0.159, -0.148, -0.376, -0.109, and -0.224 respectively (all P<0.001). Conclusion The fine particulate matter is related to the decline of lung function in primary school students. Therefore, the effective measures should be taken to control air pollution.