皖北地区初中生情绪管理能力 与人际归因倾向状况及其关系分析

目的了解初中生情绪管理能力与人际归因倾向的状况，讨论二者的关系。方法采用分层整群随机抽样法在皖北地区抽取926名初中生进行问卷调查。结果初中生情绪管理得分表现为家庭经济条件一般和较好的高于较差的（P < 0.01和P < 0.05），经常和监护人聊天的得分高于从不和偶尔的（P < 0.01），学习和生活令父母满意的高于不满意的（P < 0.01），与老师、同学关系较好高于较差和一般（P < 0.01）；初中生人际归因倾向状况表现为男生能力得分高于女生（P < 0.05）。八和九年级能力得分均高于七年级（P < 0.05），九年级努力和情境得分均高于七、八年级（P < 0.05和P < 0.01）。独生子女情境和运气得分均高于非独生子女（P < 0.05）。父亲学历越低外控性因子运气得分越高（P < 0.05）。家庭经济条件较差的学生能力和努力得分均高于一般的（P < 0.05），运气得分高于一般和较好（P < 0.01和P < 0.05）。从不、偶尔和监护人聊天的学生运气得分高于经常聊天的（P < 0.01）；情绪管理能力得分与内控性因子努力成正相关（P < 0.01），与外控性因子情境成负相关（P < 0.01）。结论在家庭条件、父母学历等因素无法改变的情况下，家长选择正确的教养方式、加强和孩子的沟通交流、改善孩子的归因方式有利于提高他们的情绪管理能力。

Relationship between emotional management ability and interpersonal attribution tendency of junior middle school students in northern Anhui

ObjectiveTo know the emotional management ability and interpersonal attribution tendency of junior middle school students, and explore their relationship.MethodsA total of 926 junior school students in northern Anhui were investigated using the method of stratified cluster random sampling.ResultsThe scores of the emotion management of junior school students with ordinary and good economic condition family were higher than that of students with poor economic condition family(P < 0.01 and P < 0.05).The score of emotion management in students with usually chatting with guardians was higher than that in student with never and occasional chatting with guardians(P < 0.01).The score of emotion management in students with parents satisfying with their study and life was higher than that in student with parents not satisfying with their study and life(P < 0.01), and the score of emotion management in students with good relationship with teacher and classmate was higher than that in student with poor and ordinary relationship with teacher and classmate(P < 0.01).The ability score of the interpersonal attribution tendency in male junior middle school students was higher than that in female students(P < 0.05).The ability scores of grade 8 and grade 9 students were higher than that of grade 7 students(P < 0.05), and the scores of the effort and situation in grade 9 students were higher than those in grade 7 and grade 8 students(P < 0.05 and P < 0.01).The situational and luck scores of only child were higher than those of non-only children(P < 0.05).The lower the father's educational background was, the higher the luck score of the controlling factor was(P < 0.05).The scores of ability and effort, and luck in students with poor family economic condition and good luck were higher than those in students with ordinary family economic condition, and ordinary and good luck, respectively(P < 0.01 and P < 0.05).The score of luck in students with never and occasional chatting with guardians was higher than that in student with usually chatting with guardians(P < 0.01).The score of emotional management ability was positively correlated with the effort of internal controlling factor(P < 0.01), and negatively correlated with the situation of external controlling factor (P < 0.01).ConclusionsWhen the family conditions, parents' educational background and other factors cannot be changed, the parents should choose the right parenting style, strengthen communication with children, and improve the children's attribution to improve their emotional management ability.