电压门控离子通道结构生物学研究进展

离子通道介导离子的跨膜运转，在生物体内的物质交换、能量传递和信号传导过程中发挥关键作用。近年来，离子通道结构生物学研究极大地推动了人们对离子通道的离子选择性和门控机制的认识。电压门控钾通道结构生物学研究阐明了钾离子选择性的结构基础和电压门控机制；电压门控钠通道结构生物学研究揭示了钠通道的慢失活和快失活机制；瞬时受体电位通道结构生物学研究提供了瞬时受体电位通道复杂多样的结构和配体门控机制。本文总结了近年来离子通道结构生物学的研究进展，并展望了未来离子通道结构生物学的发展。

Progress on structural biology of voltage-gated ion channels

Ion channels mediate ion transport across membranes, and play vital roles in processes of matter exchange, energy transfer and signal transduction in living organisms. Recently, structural studies of ion channels have greatly advanced our understanding of their ion selectivity and gating mechanisms. Structural studies of voltage-gated potassium channels elucidate the structural basis for potassium selectivity and voltage-gating mechanism; structural studies of voltage-gated sodium channels reveal their slow and fast inactivation mechanisms; and structural studies of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels provide complex and diverse structures of TRP channels, and their ligand gating mechanisms. In the article we summarize recent progress on ion channel structural biology, and outlook the prospect of ion channel structural biology in the future.