恶性肿瘤患儿家庭管理特征的潜在剖面分析

目的 基于潜在剖面分析识别恶性肿瘤患儿家庭管理特征的类别,分析不同类别的影响因素,为制订针对性干预措施提供依据。 方法 采用便利抽样法,选取2021年7月—12月在重庆市某三级甲等儿童医院血液内科、肿瘤外科及神经外科住院的230例恶性肿瘤患儿及其照顾者作为调查对象,采用一般资料表、中文版家庭管理测量量表对其进行调查。采用潜在剖面分析识别恶性肿瘤患儿家庭管理特征的类别,采用多元Logistic回归分析不同类别的影响因素。 结果 恶性肿瘤患儿家庭管理特征分为3个类别：低效应对型（49.57%）、有效应对型（43.91%）、挣扎应对型（6.52%）。多元Logistic回归结果显示,住院次数少、确诊时长在1~<7个月、现居住地为城镇、家庭平均月收入在 5 000~10 000元、家庭收入来源为其他收入、申请经济救助的恶性肿瘤患儿家庭管理特征类别归属为低效应对型的可能性较大;骨恶性肿瘤患儿的家庭管理特征类别归属为有效应对型的可能性较大;家庭收入来源为工资性收入、白血病患儿的家庭管理特征类别归属于挣扎应对型的可能性较大,差异均具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。 结论 恶性肿瘤患儿家庭管理特征存在异质性,医护人员应根据其家庭管理特征,实施针对性干预,以提高其家庭管理水平。

Latent profile analysis of family management characteristics in children with malignant tumor

Objective To identify the latent class of family management characteristics in children with malignant tumor,and to compare the differences in socio-demographic data of different classes,so as to provide ideas for targeted interventions. Methods From July to December 2021,230 caregivers of children with malignant tumor were selected from the department of hematology,oncology and neurosurgery of a tertiary A children’s hospital in Chongqing as the research subjects by convenience sampling. They were investigated by general information scale,Family Management Measure. Latent profile analysis was used to explore the latent class of family management,and multinomial Logistic regression analysis was used to compare the characteristics of each latent class. Results The family management of children with malignant tumor could be divided into 3 classes,including inefficient coping type（49.57%）,effective coping type（43.91%） and struggling coping type（6.52%）. The results of multiple logistic regression showed that less time of hospitalization,diagnosis time of 1~<7 months,the current residence in the town,monthly family income of 5 000~10 000 yuan,family income from other source of income,application for economic assistance are more likely to be sorted into the inefficient coping type. Children with bone malignancy are more likely to be classed into the effective coping type. Family income derived from wage income and children with leukemia are more likely to belong to the struggling coping type. The differences were all statistically significant（P<0.05）. Conclusion There is heterogeneity in the family management of children with malignant tumor. Medical staff should carry out targeted interventions according to the characteristics of different family management classes,so as to improve family management level and the quality of care for children.