Multiloc髓内钉治疗肱骨近端骨折的临床疗效分析

目的探讨Multiloc髓内钉治疗肱骨近端骨折的临床疗效。 方法回顾性分析2015年1月至2017年7月在首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院骨科采用Multiloc髓内钉治疗并获得完整随访资料的33例肱骨近端骨折患者,年龄44~83岁,平均（68.7±15.7）岁;其中Neer分型二部分骨折22例,三部分骨折11例。分别记录手术时间、术中出血量、骨折愈合情况及手术并发症,采用视觉模拟评分（visual analogue scale,VAS）及Constant-Murley评分评价患者术后肩关节功能情况。 结果手术均顺利完成,平均手术时间为93.2 min（70~150 min）,术中平均出血量为108.2 ml（30~200 ml）。随访时间最短13个月,最长40个月,平均随访时间为（22.4±7.3）个月。末次随访平均肩关节疼痛评分0.47分（0~2分）。骨折平均愈合时间为（15.7±2.9）周,肩关节活动平均活动范围：前屈140.2°,外展135.9°,内旋36.0°,外旋54.4°。术后平均Constant评分为（85.9±10.8）分,其中优11例、良17例、一般3例,优良率为90.9%。末次随访时无一例发生切口感染、骨折不愈合及肩袖损伤等并发症。 结论Multiloc髓内钉治疗肱骨近端骨折具有手术创伤小、并发症少、内固定物牢固、关节功能恢复优良,对肱骨近端Neer分型二部分和三部分骨折有满意的治疗效果。

Clinical efficacy analysis of Multiloc intramedullary nail in the treatment of proximal humeral fractures

BackgroundProximal humeral fracture refers to the fracture of humerus above the humeral neck. It is a common type of fracture in clinic, accounting for 4%-6% of the total fractures. Such fractures are more common in the elderly population who were often combined with osteoporosis. With the aging population and raising life expectancy, the incidence increases year by year. For non-displaced fractures, conservative treatment can achieve a better prognosis. However, for 2-part, 3-part and 4-part proximal humeral fractures with obvious displacement, the non-surgical treatment often results in fracture malunion with the difficulty of achieving satisfactory results in functional recovery, and thus surgical treatment is recommended. The current treatment methods include internal fixation and arthroplasty, but there are no surgical procedure for all types of proximal humeral fractures. Each method has its own advantages and limitations. In the treatment of proximal humeral fractures with intramedullary nail, the main nail is inserted into the medullary cavity along the axial direction of the humeral shaft. For fractures of humeral head involving humeral shaft or proximal humeral fractures combined with segmental humeral shaft, the treatment with intramedullary nail has remarkable biological advantages. The fracture is reduced through a small incision with less soft tissue exfoliation. Thus the blood supply of fracture ends is less affected and the postoperative complications are significantly decreased. Multiloc intramedullary nail is a new generation of straight type for treatment of proximal humeral fractures. Compared with the traditional intramedullary nail, the insertion point is on the inner side, which can reduce the risk of rotator cuff injury and can complete multidimensional locking according to the condition to make the internal fixation more rigid. Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of Multiloc intramedullary nail in the treatment of proximal fractures. MethodsFrom January 2015 to July 2017, a retrospective analysis of 33 patients with proximal humeral fractures were treated with Multiloc intramedullary nailing in the department of orthopaedics, Beijing Chao-yang hospital, capital medical university. The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, fracture healing status and operative complications were recorded, and visual analogue scale (VAS) and Constant-Murley scoring system were used for evaluation of postoperative shoulder joint function. ResultsA total of 33 patients were included. The ages ranged from 44 to 83 years with an average of (68.7±15.7) years. Among them, 22 patients were Neer 2-part fractures and 11 patients were Neer 3-part fractures. The operation was successfully completed. The mean operation time was 93.2 min (70-150 min) , and the mean intraoperative blood loss was 108.2 ml (30-200 ml) . The follow-up time was 13-40 months with an average time of (22.4±7.3) months. At the last follow-up, the mean VAS score was 0.47 points (0-2 points) . The mean fracture healing time was (15.7±2.9) weeks. The mean range of motion was 140.2°of flexion, 135.9°of abduction, 36.0°of internal rotation and 54.4°of external rotation. The mean postoperative Constant score was (85.9±10.8) points, of which 11 cases were excellent, 17 cases were good, and 3 cases were moderate. The excellent and good rate was 90.9%. At the last follow-up, there were no complications such as wound infection, fracture nonunion, rotator cuff injury, etc. ConclusionMultiloc intramedullary nail has less surgical trauma, fewer complications, rigid internal fixation, excellent recovery of joint function, and satisfactory therapeutic effect for proximal humeral Neer 2 and 3-part proximal humeral fractures.