太空飞行神经眼综合征的生物力学因素研究进展

长期太空飞行可导致航天员眼部解剖结构改变并产生相应的视力受损，这种现象被定义为太空飞行相关神经眼综合征(SANS)。SANS是人类长期太空飞行眼部面临的最重要的问题，其发病机理尚未阐明，阻碍了有效防护措施的开发，也无法建立个体易感性评估指标，用于建立相应的航天员遴选标准。SANS与微重力环境下视神经蛛网膜下腔脑脊液压升高有关，但详细的作用机制和相应的对抗措施尚不明确。首先对SANS导致的视盘、眼后节、蛛网膜下腔和视神经的形态学变化进行了总结，随后就当前学界提出的SANS发病机理、影响SANS易感性因素以及应对措施进行了综述，并总结了SANS与微重力环境下视神经蛛网膜下腔脑脊液压力的关系，最后对如何将地基实验与天基实验有效结合来深入探索SANS的发病机制进行了展望。

Biomechanical Factors in Space Flight-Associated Neuro-Ocular Syndrome

Long duration space flight can induce structural changes of eye and corresponding vision loss, which is defined as space flight-associated neuro-ocular syndrome (SANS). SANS is the main problem of eye for future human space exploration. Up to date, mechanisms of SANS are still unknown, which impedes the development of countermeasures and the selection criteria of astronauts. SANS is correlated with optic nerve subarachnoid space cerebrospinal fluid pressure elevation in microgravity environments. However, knowledge on the detailed response of eyes to elevated pressure and its corresponding countermeasures is lack. This paper summarized the morphological changes of the optic disc, posterior segment of the eye, subarachnoid space and optic nerve caused by SANS. Next, the pathogenesis of SANS proposed in the literature, the factors affecting the susceptibility of SANS and the countermeasures were reviewed and the relationship between SANS and the optic nerve subarachnoid space cerebrospinal fluid pressure in microgravity environment was summarized. At last, we discussed how to effectively combine ground-based and space-based experiments to explore the pathogenesis of SANS.