镇江市中小学生2015—2017年视力不良监测结果分析

目的 了解镇江市视力不良现状及其动态变化特征,为预防和控制中小学生近视提供决策参考。方法 采用分层随机整群抽样方法,2015—2017年连续三年抽取镇江市中小学校各8所,6~18岁共33 307名学生进行视力检测,并对中小学生视力不良分布特征和发展趋势进行描述性分析。结果 中小学生2015—2017年三年平均总视力不良率为63.52%,2017年最高为65.56%,高于2016年61.82%和2015年63.17%,视力不良率总体呈升高趋势(趋势性χ2=13.75,P<0.01);女生高于男生(P<0.01);三年总平均视力不良率小学为47.86%,初中76.92%,高中90.23%,随学习阶段升高而增高(趋势性χ2=4310.87,P<0.01),各学段学生三年视力不良率差异也有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论 镇江市中小学生近三年视力不良率较高,总体呈上升趋势,应根据国家要求采取有效措施进行视力不良和近视综合防控。

Analysis of visual impairment monitoring results of primary and secondary school students in Zhenjiang City from 2015 to 2017

Objective To understand the current situation of poor eyesight and its dynamic changes, so as to provide the reference for formulating the strategy of prevention and control of myopia in primary and secondary school students in Zhenjiang City. Methods A total of 33 307 students aged 6 to 18 years from 8 primary and secondary schools in Zhenjiang City were selected by the stratified random cluster sampling method for visual acuity testing in three consecutive years from 2015 to 2017. The distribution characteristics and development trend of poor visual acuity among them were described and analyzed. Results The overall average rate of poor eyesight of primary and secondary school students was 63.52%. There was significant difference among the three years in the average rates of poor eyesight (P<0.01). The highest rate was 65.56% in 2017, which was higher than that in 2016 (61.82%) and in 2015 (63.17%), and the trend of the poor eyesight rate was upward in total (χ2=13.75, P<0.01). The total average rate of poor eyesight of the girls was higher than that of the boys (P<0.01). The total average rate of poor eyesight in three years was 47.86% in primary school pupils, 76.92% in junior high school students, and 90.23% in senior high school school students (P<0.01). Conclusion The rate of poor eyesight of primary and secondary school students in Zhenjiang City is relatively high in recent three years, showing an upward trend at the whole, and has the characteristics of the gender, school and age. Therefore, effective measures should be taken to prevent and control it comprehensively and scientifically according to the relevant requirements of the state.