健康行为互动模式在妊娠期糖尿病高危孕妇中的应用

目的 探讨将健康行为互动模式应用于妊娠期糖尿病（gestational diabetes mellitus,GDM）高危孕妇中进行健康管理的效果。 方法 采用便利抽样法,选取2021年7月—2022年3月在山西省某三级甲等医院规律产检的130例GDM高危孕妇,随机分为试验组和对照组,每组各65例。试验组采取基于健康行为互动模式的护理干预,对照组接受常规的健康教育,比较两组GDM发生率、孕期体重增长合格率、不良妊娠结局、GDM高危人群知信行问卷得分和患者满意度调查表得分。 结果 干预后,试验组GDM发生率为10.2%,低于对照组的25.0%;巨大儿发生率为3.4%,低于对照组的15.0%;孕期体重增长合格率为79.7%,高于对照组的55.0%,差异均具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。试验组GDM高危人群知信行问卷得分为（77.22±2.37）分,高于对照组的（66.78±2.71）分;患者满意度调查表得分为（50.27±1.95）分,高于对照组的（32.55±1.91）分,两组比较,差异均具有统计学意义（P<0.001）。 结论 基于健康行为互动模式的护理干预有利于提高GDM高危孕妇的知信行水平,减缓孕期体重增长,降低GDM和巨大儿的发生率,提升护理满意度。

Effects of Interaction Model of Client Health Behavior in high-risk pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus

Objective To explore the effect of nursing interventions based on the Interaction Model of Client Health Behavior（IMCHB） in health management of high-risk pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus （GDM）. Methods The convenience sampling method was adopted to select 130 pregnant women with high risk GDM who received regular obstetric examinations in a tertiary hospital in Shanxi Province from July 2021 to March 2022. They were randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group. The experimental group received nursing interventions based on the IMCHB,and the control group received the routine nursing intervention. The incidence of GDM,pregnancy outcome,diabetes-related knowledge,belief and nursing satisfaction of pregnant women in 2 groups were compared and analyzed. Results After the intervention,the incidence of GDM in the experimental group（10.2%） was lower than that in the control group（25.0%）;the incidence of macrosomia（3.4%） was lower than that in the control group（15.0%）;the qualified rate of weight gain during pregnancy（79.7%） was higher than that in the control group（55.0%）. The GDM questionnaire score of the experimental group was（77.22±2.37）,which was significantly higher than that of the control group（66.78±2.71）. The nursing satisfaction score was （50.27±1.95）,which was significantly higher than that of the control group（32.55±1.91）,and the differences between the 2 groups were statistically significant（P<0.001）. Conclusion Nursing interventions based on the IMCHB is beneficial to improve the level of knowledge,belief,behavior of GDM high-risk pregnant women,to slow down the weight gain during pregnancy,to reduce the incidence of GDM and macrosomia,and to improve nursing satisfaction.