Factors associated with alcohol consumption among medical cannabis patients with chronic pain |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Behavioral Pharmacology Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA;2. University of Michigan Addiction Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan School of Medicine, 4250 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;3. University of Michigan Injury Center, University of Michigan School of Medicine, 2800 Plymouth Road, NCRC10-G080, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA;4. HSR&D Center for Clinical Management Research (CCMR), VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, 2800 Plymouth Road, Building 16, Floor 2, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;1. Leibniz-Institut für Wissensmedien Tübingen, Germany;2. University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands;3. University of Amsterdam, Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands;1. National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Hyattsville, MD, United States;2. Michigan State University, College of Nursing, East Lansing, MI, United States;1. Professional Data Analysts, Inc., 219 Main Street SE, Suite 302, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA;3. Truth Initiative®, 900 G Street, NW, Fourth Floor, Washington, DC 20001, USA;4. University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, College of Public Health, 801 NE 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA |
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| Abstract: | IntroductionChronic pain is the most common reason for medical cannabis certification. Data regarding alcohol use and risky drinking among medical cannabis patients with pain is largely unknown. Therefore, we examined the prevalence and correlates of alcohol use and risky drinking in this population.MethodsParticipants completed surveys regarding demographics, pain-related variables, anxiety, cannabis use, and past six-month alcohol consumption. Alcohol use groups were defined using the AUDIT-C [i.e., non-drinkers, low-risk drinkers, and high-risk drinkers (≥ 4 for men and ≥ 3 for women)] and compared on demographic characteristics, pain measures, anxiety, and cannabis use.ResultsOverall, 42% (n = 330/780) were non-drinkers, 32% (n = 251/780) were low-risk drinkers, and 26% (n = 199/780) were high-risk drinkers. Compared to non-drinkers, low- and high-risk drinkers were significantly younger whereas a larger proportion of low-risk drinkers reported being African-American compared to non- or high-risk drinkers. High-risk drinkers reported significantly lower pain severity/interference compared to the other groups; high-risk drinkers were also less likely to be on disability compared to other groups. A multinomial logistic regression showed that patients reporting lower pain severity and less disability had greater odds of being classified a high-risk drinker.ConclusionsHigh-risk drinking appears common among medical cannabis patients. Future research should examine whether such use is concurrent or consecutive, and the relationship of such co-use patterns to consequences. Nevertheless, individuals treating patients reporting medical cannabis use for pain should consider alcohol consumption, with data needed regarding the efficacy of brief alcohol interventions among medical cannabis patients. |
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