Transitioning from adequate to inadequate sleep duration associated with higher smoking rate and greater nicotine dependence in a population sample |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Behavioral Health and Nutrition, University of Delaware, Bob Carpenter Sports Building, 26N College Avenue, Newark, DE 19716, United States;2. Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona College of Medicine, United States;3. School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, United States;4. Center for Lung Health, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, United States;5. Center for Asian Health, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, United States;1. University of California, San Diego, Department of Psychiatry, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States;2. VA San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, 116B, San Diego, CA 92161, United States;1. Department of Family Medicine & Community Health, Medical School, University of Minnesota, 717 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55414, United States;2. Department of Family & Community Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, 3950 South Country Club Drive, Suite 330, Tucson, AZ 85742, United States;3. College of Education and Human Development, 516 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States;4. Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware Street SE, MMC 303 Mayo, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States;5. Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, 375 Chipeta Way, Suite A, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, United States;1. Department of Community Health and Health Behavior, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA;2. Centre for Health Law, Policy and Ethics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada;1. Oklahoma Tobacco Research Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA;2. Department of Psychology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA;3. Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA |
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| Abstract: | IntroductionInadequate sleep (≤ 6 and ≥ 9 h) is more prevalent in smokers than non-smokers but the extent to which sleep duration in smokers relates to smoking behaviors and cessation outcomes, is not yet clear. To begin to address this knowledge gap, we investigated the extent to which sleep duration predicted smoking behaviors and quitting intention in a population sample.MethodsData from current smokers who completed the baseline (N = 635) and 5-year follow-up (N = 477) assessment in the United Kingdom Biobank cohort study were analyzed. Multivariable regression models using smoking behavior outcomes (cigarettes per day, time to first cigarette, difficulty not smoking for a day, quitting intention) and sleep duration (adequate (7–8 h) versus inadequate (≤ 6 and ≥ 9 h) as the predictor were generated. All models adjusted for age, sex, race, and education.ResultsWorsening sleep duration (adequate to inadequate) predicted a more than three-fold higher odds in increased cigarettes per day (OR = 3.18; 95% CI = 1.25–8.06), a more than three-fold increased odds of not smoking for the day remaining difficult (OR = 3.90; 95% CI = 1.27–12.01), and a > 8-fold increased odds of higher nicotine dependence (OR = 8.98; 95% CI = 2.81–28.66). Improving sleep duration (i.e., inadequate to adequate sleep) did not predict reduced cigarette consumption or nicotine dependence in this population sample.ConclusionTransitioning from adequate to inadequate sleep duration may be a risk factor for developing a more “hard-core” smoking profile. The extent to which achieving healthy sleep may promote, or optimize smoking cessation treatment response, warrants investigation. |
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