The psychometric properties of the Persian version of the metacognitions about Smoking Questionnaire among smokers |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran;2. Clinical Research Development Center of Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;3. Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran;1. School of Psychology, Bangor University, Brigantia Building, Penrallt Road, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2AS, Wales, United Kingdom;2. Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board, Wales, United Kingdom;1. Tobacco Control Research Branch, Behavioral Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, United States;2. Cape Fox Facilities Services, 7050 Infantry Ridge Road, Manassas, VA 20109, United States;3. Behavioral Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, United States;4. MGH/Harvard Medical School, 100 Cambridge Street, 16th Floor, Boston, MA 02114, United States;1. Pacific Treatment and Research Center (Pac-TARC), 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, 116A, San Diego, CA 92161, United States;2. Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0821, United States;3. Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave N., M3-B232, PO Box 19024, Seattle, WA 98109, United States;1. The University of Newcastle, Faculty of Health and Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, 1 University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia;2. Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Local Health District, Booth Building, Longworth Avenue, Wallsend, NSW 2287, Australia;3. The University of New South Wales, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, 22-32 King Street, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia;4. Uniting, Sydney Medically Supervised Injecting Centre, 66 Road, Kings Cross, Darlinghurst, NSW 2011, Australia;5. Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI), Clinical Research Design Information Technology and Statistical Support, 1 Kookaburra Circuit, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia;1. Addiction Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States;2. Department of Psychiatry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States;3. Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States |
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| Abstract: | ObjectivesIt has been shown that smoking may be affected by metacognitions. This study aimed to evaluate the factor structure, reliability and validity of the Persian version of the Metacognitions about Smoking Questionnaire (MSQ) among a sample of Iranian male smokers.MethodsWhen the English to Persian translation of the MSQ was performed, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were completed according to the four-factor solution of the original MSQ. Three hundred male treatment-seeking smokers (mean age = 41.37, SD = 15.90) filled out the Persian-translated version of the MSQ, the Smoking Effects Questionnaire (SEQ), and the Nicotine Dependence Syndrome Scale (NDSS).ResultsThe results of EFA revealed that the Persian version of the MSQ had a four-factor structure named positive metacognitions about cognitive regulation (PM-CR), positive metacognitions about emotional regulation (PM-ER), negative metacognitions about uncontrollability (NM-U), and negative metacognitions about cognitive interference (NM-CI). The findings of CFA also indicated that the four-factor structure of the Persian version of the MSQ had appropriate fit. Validity and reliability of the Persian version of the MSQ were found to be good. Negative metacognitions about smoking predicted nicotine dependence over and above smoking outcome expectancies. Positive metacognitions about emotion regulation explained daily cigarette use independent of smoking outcome expectancies.ConclusionsThe findings suggested that the Persian version of the MSQ had adequate psychometric properties among Iranian male treatment-seeking smokers. |
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