肝移植的研究进展及常见并发症处理

背景:肝移植是治疗终末期肝病的有效手段,如何减少肝移植相关并发症以及如何对其并发症选择有效的治疗方法是目前肝移植领域中的重点问题。目的:探讨肝移植的可行性、适应证、禁忌证及移植后并发症的防治等。方法:应用计算机检索CNKI和Pubmed数据库中1999-01/2011-07关于肝移植的相关文章,以"肝移植,排斥反应,并发症"为中文关键词,以"liver transplantation,rejection,complication"为英文关键词进行检索。选择文章内容与肝移植技术手段及并发症防治相关文献,同一领域文献则选择近期发表或发表在权威杂志文章。初检得到206篇文献,根据纳入标准选择新近的19篇文章进行综述。结果与结论:肝移植数量、质量逐年提高,存活率逐年提高,移植后并发症逐年下降,国内肝移植已进入国际先进行列,终末期肝硬化是目前肝移植的首要适应证,活体肝移植解决供肝不足导致患者在等待肝移植时死亡的问题。随着分子生物学、免疫学、麻醉等医学相关学科,肝移植指征、移植技术改进,肝移植取得了巨大的发展,但目前仍存在很多问题亟待解决。

Liver transplantation research and common complications treatment

BACKGROUND:Liver transplantation is the effective treatment for end-stage liver diseases.How to reduce complications after liver transplantation and choose effective treatment for postoperative complications is the current focus in the field of liver transplantation.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the feasibility,indications,and contraindications of liver transplantation,as well as cure and prevention of complications after liver transplantation.METHODS:A computer-based search of CNKI and PubMed databases(1999-01/2011-07) were performed for articles related to liver transplantation.The Keywords were "liver transplantation,rejection,complication" in Chinese and English.Relevant articles published recently or in authorized journals were preferred.Totally 206 articles were retrieved,and finally 19 articles were included in result analysis.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The number and quality of liver transplantation has gradually increased,as well as the survival rate has gradually increased and occurrence of post-transplantation complications has decreased year by year.Liver transplantation technique in China has been into the international advanced level.End-stage cirrhosis of the liver is the primary indication for liver transplantation.Living donor liver transplantation avoids the death of liver recipients due to insufficient liver sources.With the development of molecular biology,immunology,anesthesia and other medical related disciplines,liver transplantation indications and transplantation techniques have been improved,and liver transplantation has achieved a great progress.However,there are still many problems to be solved.