Splenic injury from colonoscopy: a review and management guidelines

Splenic injury is an uncommon complication of colonoscopy. Less than 100 cases are reported in the English language literature. The exact mechanism of injury to the spleen during colonoscopy is unknown; various authors propose several risk factors and possible mechanisms. Splenic injury can be graded or classified according to the extent of laceration and the severity of the resultant hematoma. The management options range from observation to emergency splenectomy. Computed tomography scan is the most important imaging modality to diagnose splenic injury. Early recognition and appropriate management is of paramount importance in the management of this condition. A high index of suspicion in a patient with persistent abdominal pain after colonoscopy is key especially when a perforated viscous is ruled out. This article outlines the clinical presentation of splenic injury after colonoscopy and delineates a management algorithm.